Evaluation of Some Agronomic and Physiological Traits and Forage Quality in Maize - Legume Intercropping as Double Cropping
Abdollah
Javanmard
دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه
author
Adel
dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab
دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز
author
Aziz
Javanshir
دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز
author
Mohammad
Moghaddam
دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز
author
Hosein
Janmohammadi
دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز
author
Yusef
Nasiri
دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه
author
Fariborz
Shekari
دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه
author
text
article
2013
per
In general, intercropping of legumes and grasses species has been applied to enhancement of nutrient value and supply energy and protein on grasses and legumes, respectively. In order to study the effect of intercropping of maize with legume on forage yield and quality, field experiments were carried out at the Agricultural Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran, in 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 growing seasons. Two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids (704, 301), vetch (Vicia villosa), bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia), berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) sole crops as well as intercrops of maize hybrids with each of the legumes were used. The experiment was carried out as randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that maize stem height in intercropping with bitter vetch and vetch was significantly reduced. But corn leaf number was not affected by intercropping with legumes. Also the largest green cover percent and interception of light was obtained from maize hybrids -vetch mixture. The study of forage quality characteristics indicated that the amount of DMI, DDM, NEl and RFV in intercropping was increased. Forage nutritive value, as indicated by RFV, was improved in all legume-maize intercrops in relation to the sole maize crop. The RFV value was higher than 151 only in the mixture of maize hybrid 301 with bean. It can be stated that of mixture maize hybrid 301 with the mentioned legume is considered as prime forage. In conclusion this investigation suggests that in a low input system in the northwest of Iran, the maize-legume intercrops, especially maize hybrid 301 with vetch and common bean, can be recommended as for forage production an available alternative to maize sole crop.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
University of Tabriz
2476-4310
23
v.
2
no.
2013
1
19
https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_730_fbc76fcf2db51636e3c0b040b57f97a6.pdf
Effects of Nitrogen and Seed Biopriming with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield, Rate and Effective Grain Filling
Period of Sunflower (Helianthus annus L. (
Rauf
Seyed Sharifi
دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
author
Hamid
Nazarli
دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
author
text
article
2013
per
In order to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and seed biopriming with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield, rate and effective grain filling period of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.), a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design by three replications in field experimental University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2010. Factors were: nitrogen fertilizer in three levels (0, 80 and 160 kg N ha-1) as urea and seed biopriming with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in four levels containing, without priming (as control), seed biopriming with Azotobacter chroococcum strain 5, Azospirillum lipoferum strain OF, Psedomunasstrain 186. Results indicated that effect of treatment compound of nitrogen rates ×seed bio priming with PGPR had significant effects on all of characteristics studied (except grain 1000 weight and stem diameter). Grain yield, plant height, head diameter, seed number per head, yield and oil percentage, yield and protein percentage increased with increasing of nitrogen fertilizer and application of seed bio priming with PGPR. Response of grain yield wasn,t the same for various levels of nitrogen fertilizer× seed bio priming with PGPR. The highest grain yield belonged to application of 160 kg N ha-1 and seed priming with Azotobacter. Means comparison showed that treatment compounds N160 × without priming with PGPR and N80×seed priming with PGPR Azotobacter had similar grain yields. A two part liner model was used to quantifying the grain filling parameters. Various levels of nitrogen fertilizer×seed biopriming with PGPR affected all grain filling parameters significantly. Maximum grain weight, rate and effective grain filling period was obtained in high nitrogen rates and seed priming with PGPR. Thus, it can be suggested that in order to increasing of grain yield in climate conditions of Ardabil, should be applied sunflower seed bio priming with Azotobacter.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
University of Tabriz
2476-4310
23
v.
2
no.
2013
19
36
https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_731_c870f0b5d4200a58a762058bca0ce5cd.pdf
Effect of Weed Interference on Performance of Grain Corn (Zea mays L.) At Different Plant Densities
Hasan
Dehghanian
دانشکده¬ی¬کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز
author
Safar
Nasrollahzadeh
دانشکده¬ی¬کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز
author
Jalil
Shafagh Kolvanagh
دانشکده¬ی¬کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز
author
text
article
2013
per
In order to evaluate the effect of weed interference and plant density on performance of grain corn, an experiment was carried out as split-plot based on randomized completed bloke design (RCBD) with three replications at the Agriculture Research Station, University of Tabriz, Iran in 2009. Plant density levels including: 5, 7, 10 and 16 plant/m-2 was allocated to the main plots and weed interference at three levels including: weed free, once in a row weed interference and perfect weed interference were assigned to subplots. The results showed that weed interference on grain yield, 1000 seed weight, kernel weight and number of ear had a significant effect. With increasing of natural weed interference during growth period, grain yield, 1000 seed weight, kernel weight and number of ear decreased. Also, interaction between weed interference and plant density was significant in kernel weight of ear. Between different densities the greatest grain yield with 1020 g/m-2 obtained from 16 plant/m-2 and weed free treatment. Weeds in treatments of once in a row weed interference 50 percent and treatments of perfect weed interference in long of growth period 75 percent grain yield decreased. Results showed that with increasing plant density, corn can increase its competitiveness with natural weeds of field increased the grain yield. Generally, the results indicate that the sensitivity to weeds interference especially in low plant density due to the effect of early competitive start may influence extremely the yield of maize.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
University of Tabriz
2476-4310
23
v.
2
no.
2013
37
47
https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_732_727c48103c4a81a634663cc193694046.pdf
Effect of Residue Management, Different Conservation Tillage and Seeding on Soil Physical Properties and Wheat Grain Yield
Afsane
Safari
دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان
author
Mohammad Amin
Asoodar
دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان
author
Mahmood
Ghasemi nejad
دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان
author
Alireza
Abdali
دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان
author
text
article
2013
per
Crop residue management has a large impact on soil physical properties and also crop grain yield. To investigate the effect of conservation tillage methods and different amount of wheat stubble on soil surface a study was conducted in 2011. A split-split complete randomized block design was applied with three replications. Crop residue treatments including 0 residue, 45 percent and 90 percent of soil covered by stubble in the main plots and tillage treatments including two passes combined tillage, moldboard plow followed by double disc and without till seeding in sub plot and sowing treatments including flat and raised bed planting were located in sub-sub plots. Soil moisture content, bulk density, cone index and soil moisture content at depth 0-10 and 10-20 cm were recorded. Without-tillage with an average 18.7% moisture content was shown the highest moisture content at seedling emergence. The 90 percent residue increased soil moisture content compared to no residue treatment. The 45% residue treatment using two pass combination tillage and then raised bed planting produced the highest (7924.9 kg ha-1) grain yield.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
University of Tabriz
2476-4310
23
v.
2
no.
2013
49
59
https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_733_6b84fe13aa0a40bb3b6de00830af7189.pdf
Effect of Different Rates of Zeolite and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Harvest Index of Flower, Grain, Essential oil and Seed Oil of Calendula officinalis L.
ََAlireza
Pirzad
دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه
author
Masumeh
Yoosefi
دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه
author
Reza
Darvishzadeh
دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه
author
Yaghoub
Raei
دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز
author
text
article
2013
per
In order to evaluate the effect of zeolite (0, 10, 20 and 30 t/ha) and nitrogen fertilizer (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg/ha) on growth and yield of Calendula officinalis L., a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University in 2010. Results showed the significant effect of nitrogen on the yield and harvest index of essential oil, and significant interaction effect between zeolite and nitrogen on the yield of flower, grain and seed oil, the yield of aerial part (leaf and stem), biological yield for flower harvest (flower, leaf and stem), biological yield for grain harvest (grain, leaf and stem), total biological yield (flower, grain, leaf and stem), harvest index of flower, grain and seed oil. The lowest yield of total biomass (111.04 kg/ha) and yield of flower (419.9 kg/ha) belonged to control treatment. The minimum yield of grain (1888.3 kg/ha) and seed oil (276.2 kg/ha) were obtained from 20 t/ha zeolite and 0 kg/ha nitrogen applications. The maximum yield of flower (900.3 kg/ha) and total biomass (26955 kg/ha) were obtained from 0t/ha zeolite and 80 kg/ha nitrogen. While, the highest yield of grain (3577.3 kg/ha) and seed oil (723.1 kg/ha) belonged to 20 t/ha zeolite with 80 and 240 kg/ha nitrogen, respectively. The highest yield (6.26 kg/ha) and harvest index (0.10083 %) of essential oil were obtained from 80 kg/ha of nitrogen application.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
University of Tabriz
2476-4310
23
v.
2
no.
2013
61
75
https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_754_187c8318996247f865d369d3f699c29a.pdf
Effect of Leveler Type on Leveling Index, Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Wheat in Khuzestan Province
Shahin
Andari-Dust
دانشگاه پیام نور تهران
author
Hamdollah
Eskandari
دانشگاه پیام نور تهران
author
Mahmoud
Chegeni
جهاد کشاورزی شهرستان شوش
author
text
article
2013
per
In most part of our country, field leveling is performed based on operator's skills resulted in imprecise leveling. Therefore utilizing new field leveling technologies is in high importance. In the current research, effects of two leveler types including conventional leveler and laser leveler were evaluated on leveling Index, leveling uniformity coefficient, grain yield and water use efficiency of wheat. The field experiment was conducted in 2008-2009 growing season in the North of Ahwaz. Regarding the nature of experimental design, large plots were needed to determine the effects of inequality of field on evaluated factors. Thus the experiment was carried out by 14 plots of 10000 m2 (seven replications for each treatment). However, every plot was divided into parts of 20 × 100 m2 to determine the volume of irrigation water. The results showed that except gain yield, all factors were affected by the type of leveler where using laser leveler reduced the time needed for irrigation up to 35% suggesting the reducing water casualties. Leveling index and leveling uniformity coefficient were near to zero and one respectively, which showed the superiority of laser leveler in comparison with traditional leveler. Regarding evaluated technical factors, laser leveler can be recommended for field leveling.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
University of Tabriz
2476-4310
23
v.
2
no.
2013
77
85
https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_755_be95e9ae3e2d2b2c88d78cfe703cd7e3.pdf
Comparative Assessment of Factors Using Economy of Wheat Production in Small and Large Farms of Ahar County
Lachin
Nalbandi Aghdam
دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد میانه
author
Ghader
Dashti
دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز
author
Jalil
Ajalli
دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد میانه
author
text
article
2013
per
Given the importance and place of wheat in the household consumption basket, self-sufficiency in the production of the main objectives of the government. To achieve this goal with reform of production and optimum utilization of inputs can come true. The aim of this study is the use of inputs in wheat production Ahar county. 198 completed questionnaires with information on the study of wheat farmers in Ahar county water was collected in 2010-2011. In order to achieve the objectives of the research was used to estimate the production function forms and generalized quadratic function was chosen as the superior function. The results showed that cultivation inputs, water, seed and fertilizer in wheat production areas are effective and economically efficient use of these inputs is not enough. So of water and fertilizer inputs are used in non-economic area. Comparison of small and large farms also indicate that although both the logical and efficient producers of inputs are not used. But in general, and especially the economic aspect of the larger farms are in better condition.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
University of Tabriz
2476-4310
23
v.
2
no.
2013
85
96
https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_756_a89d09177934bc4f5209add4113a128d.pdf
Allelopathic and Nematodicidal Effects of Capparis Spinosa Aqueous Extract on Growth Parameters of Cucumber and Tomato
Mansour
Shakeri
مجتمع آموزشی ملاصدرا یزد
author
Hamid
Sodaizadeh
دانشگاه یزد
author
Mohammad Hossein
Hakimi
دانشگاه یزد
author
text
article
2013
per
Present study was conducted to introduce an efficient, safe and cost-effective method to control plant parasitic nematodes, especially Root-knot nematodes. In this regard, the allelopathic and nematodicidal effects of Capparis spinosa aqueous extract were evaluated in vitro and greenhouse condition by using cucumber and tomato as test plants. Experiments were conducted in three parts. In the first part the inhibitory effects of C. spinosa extract on growth of cucumber and tomato was investigated. In the second and third parts the nematodicidal effect of the extracts were studied in petri dishes and greenhouse conditions, respectively. Results obtained by first experiment indicated that the most plant parameters of test plants negatively and significantly affected upon treated by different concentration of extract when compared to control, whereas degree of inhibition increased with increasing extract concentrations. Results from second experiment showed that in all C. spinosa extract concentrations tested in Petri dishes, 100 percent of Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne javanica ) were killed. On the other hand, saprophyte nematodes (Rhabditis sp.)were less affected by extracts. Upon application C. spinosa extract in soil, nematodicidal effect of extract decreased when compared to Petri dishes conditions. According to results obtained from pot experiment, Root-knot nematodes population in soil significantly decreased after treating with extract and subsequently both cucumber and tomato plants performed better. However, the higher level of improvement was observed in cucumber as compared to tomato. This result regarding to greater inhibitory effect of extract on tomato than cucumber is expected. Overall, results confirm nematodicidal property of C. spinosa extract.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
University of Tabriz
2476-4310
23
v.
2
no.
2013
97
111
https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_757_60c4ef02b026593cf4d555e4b0449506.pdf
Effect of Nitrogen Sources on Density and Dry Matter of Weeds and Yield of Two Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)Landrace
Amir
Masoumi
دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود
author
Hamidreza
Asghari
دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود
author
Elham
Tavakoli Dinani
دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه گوالف انتاریو کانادا
author
Hasan
Makarian
دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود
author
text
article
2013
per
In order to study the effects of nitrogen source on biomass production and density of weed and yield of two corianders landrace, an experiment was conducted by using a factorial arrangement of treatments in a randomized complete block design with three replications, in research farm of Shahrood University of Technology (Iran) in 2010. After standardizing the inorganic nitrogen contents in the soil, 5 levels of N fertilizers (control, 100% vermicompost, 66.6% vermicompost + 33.3% urea, 66.6% urea + 33.3% vermicompost and 100% urea) were selected and were used for two landrace of coriander (Hamedani and Isfahani). The results of experiment showed that the most important types of weed in coriander farm includes Black Night Shade (Solanum nigrum), goosefoot (Chenopodium album L.), Bladder weed (Hibiscus trionum L.) and Wild mustard ( Sinapis arvensis L.) respectively. Solanum nigrum had the highest density in all treatments. Level of fertilizer had significant effect on biomass production and density of weeds, seed yield and biological yield of coriander (P≤0.01). Effect of landrace was not significant in all traits and interaction effect of fertilizer and landrace was significant only in seed yield and biological yield of coriander. The maximum and minimum biomass production and weed density was observed in 100% urea and control treatments respectively, also the highest amount of seed yield and biological yield are associated in (66.6% vermicompost and 33.3% urea), the lowest level of mentioned traits are associated in control (no fertilizer) treatment. According to the results, combination of organic and chemical fertilizers can reduce density and biomass production of weed, and increases the yield of coriander.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
University of Tabriz
2476-4310
23
v.
2
no.
2013
113
127
https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_758_4fac534395c3229049d0ace96ce16b64.pdf
Modeling Annual Weeds Seedling Emergence in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Along with Weed Management
Alireza
Yousefi
دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان
author
Mohammad Ali
Perei
دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان
author
Rouhollah
Amini
دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز
author
text
article
2013
per
Models that simulate weed seedling emergence as functions of thermal time would help minimize herbicide use by the optimization of the timing of weed control. The objective of this research was to introduce a model to predict barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv], redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and common lamb's-quarters (Chenopodium album L.) seedling emergence in the presence of common bean canopy. Weed seedling emergence data in 2010 (spring and summer) were used to model the pattern of each species as a function of the thermal time in the 5 cm upper layer of the soil profile. Two functions: Weibull and Gompertz were used to describe the relationship between thermal time and weed seedling emergence. The Gompertz function closely predicted (RMSE= 5.3–6.7%) the relationship between thermal time and seedling emergence for all three species. Conversely, Weibull function except for redroot pigweedgave worse fit. The three species also showed different patterns of emergence and thermal time required for the onset of emergence and species can be grouped into two emergence time-span groups. In the fist group, redroot pigweedand barnyardgrass had a shorter emergence time-span requiring 391-488 thermal time for full emergence. In the second group, common lamb's-quarters had a long-lasting emergence, requiring 620 thermal time to complete this process. Difference in emergence pattern of these weed suggest that barnyardgrass and redroot pigweedshould be given a higher priority for control than common lamb's-quarters in common bean.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
University of Tabriz
2476-4310
23
v.
2
no.
2013
129
137
https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_759_39bf3cb51c684ad1e565f7e719ba4033.pdf