تاثیرکود‌های زیستی و آلی بر خصوصیات رشدی، اسانس و جذب عناصر دو گونه مرزه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه

2 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

اهداف :مطالعه به‌منظور مقایسه تاثیر کود‌های زیستی و آلی بر خصوصیات رشدی، درصد و عملکرد اسانس و جذب عناصر دو گونه مرزه و شناسایی گونه مرزه سازگار به شرایط منطقه بود.

مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایشی مزرعه‌ای به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در شمال لرستان در سه سال زراعی ( از1396 تا 1398) اجرا شد. فاکتور اول شامل سه گونه قارچ مایکوریزا (Funneliformis mosseae ، Rhizophagus irregularis, و G. fasiclutum)، کود فسفات زیستی (بارور‌2)، کود ماهی (800 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، کود گاوی (20 تن در هکتار) و ورمی کمپوست (پنج تن در هکتار) و شاهد (عدم استفاده از کود)، فاکتور دوم نیز دو گونه مرزه خوزستانی و رشینگری بود.

یافته‌ها : نتایج تجزیه مرکب واریانس سال دوم و سوم نشان داد اثر ساده تیمار‌های کودی و گونه بر تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه معنی‌دار است. بیشترین ارتفاع بوته (16/39 سانتی‌متر)، تعداد شاخه‌های فرعی (8/29)، شاخص سطح برگ (79/0)، وزن خشک بوته (15/4 تن در هکتار)، درصد اسانس (53/5)، عملکرد اسانس (92/22 کیلوگرم بر هکتار)، نیتروژن (78/3)، فسفر (91/1)، پتاسیم (18/4) وآهن برگ (25/466 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) از محلول‌پاشی ورمی کمپوست حاصل شد. اثر متقابل معنی‌داری بین سال و گونه در برخی صفات مشاهده شد.

نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس این نتایج، محلول‌پاشی ورمی کمپوست (پنج تن در هکتار)، می‌تواند باعث تولید پایدار و بهبود رشد و عملکرد اسانس هر دو گونه مرزه شود.

واژه های کلیدی: درصد اسانس، وزن خشک ، کود فسفات زیستی، کود ماهی، ورمی کمپوست

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Fertilizers on Growth Characteristics, Essential oil and Nutrient Uptake of Two Savory Species Abstract

نویسندگان [English]

  • Asma Bastami 1
  • Reza Amirnia 2
1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia,,Iran
2 Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Urmia.
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of fertilizer types on growth characteristics, essential oil content and element uptake of two savory species and to identify savory species compatible with regional conditions.

Materials and Methods: field experiment as a factorial study based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the north of Lorestan, Iran in 2017-2019. The first factor was assigned to three mycorrhizal fungi (Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus irregularis, and G. fasciculatum), phosphate biofertilizer (Baravar-2), fish manure (800 kg ha-1), cattle manure (20 t ha-1), vermicompost (5 t ha-1), and control (no fertilization) and the second factor was assigned to two savory species including Satureja khuzestanica and S. rechingeri.

Results: The results of the combined analysis of variance for the second and third years showed that the simple effects of fertilizers and species were significant on all recorded traits. The highest plant height (39.16 cm), number of lateral branches (29.58), leaf area index (0.79), plant dry weight (4.15 t ha-1), essential oil content (5.53%), essential oil yield (22.92 kg ha-1), leaf N, P, K and Fe contents (3.78, 1.91, 4.18, and 466.25 mg kg-1), were obtained from the foliar application of vermicompost.

Conclusion: Except for essential oil content and yield. According to the results, the foliar application of vermicompost at a rate of 5 t ha-1 can contribute to the sustainable production of both savory species and improving their growth and essential oil yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • essential oil percentage
  • dry weight
  • phosphate biofertilizer
  • fish manure
  • vermicompost
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