دوره بحرانی کنترل علف‌های هرز گوجه‌فرنگی نشایی (Solanum lycopersicum) در کرمانشاه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات- دانشکده کشاورزی- دانشگاه بوعلی سینا

چکیده

چکیده
اهداف: تعیین دوره بحرانی کنترل علف‌های هرز گوجه‌فرنگی نشایی، در کرمانشاه به‌منظور کاهش هزینه مبارزه با علف‌های هرز

مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش در سال 1395، در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در کرمانشاه انجام شد. تیمارها در دو گروه تنظیم شدند. گروه اول شامل 6 تیمار تداخل علف‌های هرز تا 0، 15، 30، 45، 60 و 75 روز پس از انتقال نشاء و سپس کنترل آنها تا آخر دوره رشد و گروه دوم شامل 6 تیمار کنترل علف‌های هرز تا 0، 15، 30، 45، 60 و 75 روز پس از انتقال نشاء و عدم کنترل آنها در ادامه فصل رشد بود.

یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که تداخل کامل علف‌های هرز زیست‌توده کل، بیشینه شاخص سطح برگ و عملکرد میوه گوجه‌فرنگی را به ترتیب 2/67، 5/36 و 5/83 درصد در مقایسه با تیمار عدم تداخل، کاهش داد. برای تعیین دوره بحرانی کنترل علف‌های هرز از توابع لجستیک و گامپرتز استفاده شد و دوره بحرانی کنترل علف‌های هرز با احتساب 5 و 10 درصد افت عملکرد قابل قبول، به‌ترتیب از 14 تا 89 روز پس از نشاکاری و از 19 تا 78 روز پس از نشاکاری بدست آمد که به‌ترتیب معادل 103 تا 1189 و 144 تا 1003 درجه‌روزرشد بعد از نشاکاری بود.

نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به تراکم کاشت پایین و بسته نشدن کامل کانوپی، لازم است از دو تا سه هفته بعد از نشاکاری مبارزه با علف های هرز گوجه‌فرنگی شروع و به مدت پنج تا شش هفته، ادامه یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Critical period of weed control in transplanted tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in Kermanshah

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Sepehri 2
  • Sohrab Ayareh 2
  • behzad sharib 2
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding- Faculty of Agriculture- Bu-Ali Sina University
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objective: To determine the critical period of weed control in transplanted tomato in Kermanshah, in order to reduce the weed control costs.
Materials & Methods: a field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were divided in to two series. The first one consisted of six weed interference until 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after transplanting and then weeds were removed until the end of the growth period, and the second one consisted of six weed control until 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after transplanting and then permit to weeds to complete to crop until the end of growth season.

Results: The results showed that full weed interference reduced total dry matter, maximum leaf area index and fresh fruit yield of tomato by 67.2, 36.5 and 83.5 percentages, respectively. The critical period for weed control was determined using logistic and gompertz functions. Critical period of weed control based on 5 and 10 percent acceptable yield loss was determined from 14 to 89 and from 19 to 78 days after transplanting, respectively, that was equal to from 103 to 1189 and from 144 to 1003 growth degree days after transplanting, respectively.

Conclusion: Generally due to the low planting density and the non-complete canopy closure, it is necessary to weed control be started from two to three weeks after tomato transplanting and continued for five to six weeks.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dry matter
  • Gompertz equation
  • Leaf area index
  • Logistic equation
  • Tomato yield
Abbasi NA, Zafar L, Khan HA, Qureishi AA, 2013. Effects of weeds on growth, yield and post harvest performance of tomato fruit. Pakestan Journal of Botany, 45(5):1581 -1587.
Adisa IO, Rawat S, Pullagurala VLR, Dimkpa CO, Elmer WH, White JC, Hernandez-Viezcas JA, Peralta-Videa JR and Gardea-Torresdey JL. 2020. Nutritional Status of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Fruit Grown in Fusarium-Infested Soil: Impact of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 68: 1986-1997.
Ahmadvand G, Mondani F and Golzardi F, 2009. Effect of crop plant density on critical period of weed competition in potato. Scientia Horticulturae, 121: 249-254.
Amador-Ramirez MD, 2002.  Critical period of weed control in transpla nted chilli pepper, Weed Research, 42: 203-209.
Amare T, Frehiwot Sileshi F and Hamza I, 2015. Effect of weed interference period on yield of transplanted tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum M.) in Guder West Shewa-Oromia, Ethiopia. ISABB-Journal of Food and Agricultural Science, 5(3): 14-20.
Bhowmik PC and Reddy KN, 1998. Effect of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgali) on growth, yield and nutrient status of transplanted tomatoes (Lycopersicom esculentum). Weed Science, 30: 775-778.
Brown B. Hoshide AK, Gallandt ER, 2019. An economic comparison of weed management systems used in small-scale organic vegetable production. Organic Agriculture, 9: 53–63.
Buhler DD, 2002. Challenges and opportunities for integrated weed management. Weed Science, 50: 273-280.
Burnside OC, Wiens J H, Holder BJ, Weisberg S, Ristau EA, Johnson MM and Camerron JH, 1998. Critical period for weed control in dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Weed Science, 46: 301-306.
Cao SY, Li Y, Meng X, Zhao CN, Li S, Gan RY and Li HB, 2019. Dietary natural products and lung cancer: Effects and mechanisms of action. Journal of Functional Foods, 52:316-331.
Cardina Y, Webster TM, Herms CP and Regnier EE, 1999. Development of weed IPM. Levels of integration for weed management. Crop Protection, 2: 239-267.
Chaudhari S, Jennings K M, Monks DW, Jordan DL, Gunter CC, McGowen SJ and Louws FJ, 2016. Critical period for weed control in grafted and nongrafted fresh market tomato. Weed Science, 64(3): 523-530.
Cousens RD, 1992. Weed competition and interference in cropping systems proceedings of the first international Weed control congress. Melbourne, Australia, 1: 113-117.
Crotser PM and Witt WW, 2000. Effect of Glycine max canopy characteristics, G.max interference, and weed-free periods in Solanum ptycanthum growth. Weed Science, 48: 20-26.
Garvey PV, Meyers SL, Monks DW and Coble HD, 2013. Influence of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) on the critical period for weed control in plasticulture-grown tomato. Weed Technology, 27(1): 165-170.
Gupta OP, 2000. Weed management. Principles and practies. Weed Science, 49: 87-95.
Hall MR, Swanton CJ and Anderson GW, 1992. The critical period of weed control in grain corn (Zea mays L). Weed Science, 40: 441-447.
Harker KN, BlackShaw RE and Clayton GW, 2001. Timing weeds removal for field Pea (Pisum sativum). Weed Technology, 15: 277-283.
Husrev Mennan H, Jabran K, Zandstra BH and Pala F, 2020. Non-chemical weed management in vegetables by using cover crops: A Review. Agronomy, 10(2):257.
Jahedipour S, Sobhani A and Bazoobandi M, 2008. Investigation of critical period for weed control in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). The 2nd weed science congress. Jan. 29-30. Mashhad, Iran.
Jalali RM, Hassanein AMA and Fedlallah AM, 2020. Determination Critical Periods of Weed Competition and Weed Control Influence on Yield Productivity of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Journal of Plant Production, 11: 127-137.
Kavaliauskaite D and Bobinas C, 2006. Determination of weed competition critical period in red beer, Agronomy Research, 4: 217-220.
Kenzevic SZ, Evans SP, Blankenship E, Van Aker RC and Lindquist JL, 2002. Critical period for weed control the concept and data analysis. Weed Science, 50: 773– 786.
Khazaei H and Zare Feizabadi A, 2013. Assessment of fruit yield and quality of tomato varieties in one and several times hand-harvesting Seed. Plant Production Journal, 29 (2): 235-249 (in Persian).
Khazaei H, Sobhani A and Khaksar K, 2008. Tomato seed multiplication Agricultural information and technology center, Agricultural research, education and extension organization, Technical report, No 87/505, p29 (in Persian).
Martin M and Williams M, 2006. Planting date influences critical period of weed control in sweet corn, Weed Science, 54:928–933.
Martínez JM, de Juan Valero JA, Padilla AD and Buendía MRP, 2015. Competition and critical periods in spring sugar beet cultivation. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 55(4): 336-342.
Masiunas JB, 2002. In Illinois I (Eds) Weed control for commercial vegetable crops. Agricultural Pest Management Handbook, P 184-210.
Nedim Dogan M, Unay A, Boz Ö and Albay F, 2003. Determination of optimum weed control timing in maize (Zea mays. L). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 28:349-354.
Norsworthy JK and Oliveria MJ, 2004. Comparison of the critical period for weed control in wide and narrow-row corn, Weed Science, 52: 802-807.
Oliver LR and Klingman TE, 1994. Influence of cotton on weed interference. Weed Science, 42: 61-65.
Osipitan OA, 2017. Weed interference and control in cowpea production: A review. Journal of Agricultural Science, 9: 11-20.
Padarlo A, Bazoobandi M, Alimoradi L and Jahedi poor S, 2008. Calculation of Shanon-Weiner and Simpson index in weeds community of saffron fields. In 2nd Iranian Weed Science Congress. Mashhad, Iran, 29-30 January. (In Persian).
Papamichail D, Elefetherohorinus I, Froud-Wiilliams R and Gravani F, 2002. Critical periods of weed competition in cotío. Greece Weed Science, 30: 1-7.
Petroviene I, 2002. Competition between potato and weeds on Lithuani­ soils. Weed Research, 12:286-287.
Rajcan I and Swanton CJ, 2001. Understanding maize-weed competition: resources competition, light quality and the whole plant. Field Crops Research, 71: 139–150.
Seem EJ, Creamer NG and Monks DW, 2003. Critical weed-free period for Beauregard Sweep potato (Pomoea batatas). Weed Technology, 17: 680-695.
Shahverdi M, Hejazi A, Rahimian MH and Torkamani A, 2002. Determination of the critical period for weed control in sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Iranian Journal of Crop Science, 4: 152-162. (In Persian).
Shaw WC, 1985. Integrated weed management systems technology for agroecosystem management. In CRC Handbook of Natural Pesticides: Methods, ed. NB, Mandava, Vol. 1, 123-139. Boca Raton, FL.: CRC Press, Inc.
Singh M, Saxena MC, Abu-Irmaileh BE, Al-Thahabi SA and Haddad NI, 1996. Estimation of critical period of weed control. Weed Science, 44: 273-283.
Traore S, Mason SC, Martin AR, Mortensen DA and Spotanski J, 2003.Velvetleaf interference effects on yield and growth of grain sorghum. Agronomy, 95: 1602-2607.
Trejo Solis C, Pedraza Chaverri J, Torres Ramos M, Jimenez Farfan D, Cruz Salgado A, Serrano Garcia N, Osorio Rico L. and Sotelo J, 2013. Multiple molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of lycopene in cancer inhibition. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Article No. 705121.
Van Acer RC, Swanton CJ and Weise SF, 1993. The critical period of weed control in soybean and sunflower cropping systems. Weed Science, 41: 107-113.
Van Acer RC, Weise CF and Swanton CJ, 1993. Inflvence of interference from a mixed weed species stand on soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) growth. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 73: 1293-1304.
Van Delden AL, Lote AP, Bastians L, Frank AC, Smid HG, Groeneveld RMW and Kropff MJ, 2002. The Influence of nitrogen supply on the ability of wheat and potato to suppress Stellaria media growth and reproduction. Weed Research, 42: 429-445.
Vangessel MJ and Renner KA, 1990. Effect of soil type, whiling time, and weed interference on potato (Solanum tuberosum) development and yield. Weed Technology, 4: 299-305.
Wall DA and Friesen GH, 1990. Green foxtail (Setaria viridis) competition in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Weed Science, 38: 396-400.