اثرات گیاهان پوششی، خاک‌ورزی و علف‌کش بر کنترل علف‌های هرز، خصوصیات خاک و عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پارس اباد مغان- کیلومتر 12 جاده اصلاندوز-مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل

2 هیات علمی گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

3 دانشگاه ارومیه

4 استادیار دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

5 استادیار موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، بخش تحقیقات علفهای هرز، سازمان تحقیقات ، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی ، تهران، ایران

چکیده

به منظور برررسی سیستمهای مختلف خاکورزی، گیاهان پوششی زمستانه و تاثیر آن‌ها بر بهبود کیفیت خاک و علف-های هرز ذرت، آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک کامل تصادفی، به مدت دو سال در مزرعه مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان) اجرا گردید. دو نوع خاکورزی در دو سطح بدون خاکورزی و خاک ورزی مرسوم در کرت‌های اصلی و فاکتور گیاهان پوششی در شش سطح شامل ماشک گل-خوشه‌ای، شبدر لاکی، چاودار، جو، کلزا و بدون گیاه پوششی به‌همراه فاکتور دزهای کاهش یافته علف‌کش مایستر در چهار سطح (0، 50، 75 و 100 درصد دز 5/1 لیتر در هکتار) به‌صورت فاکتوریل در تیمار فرعی قرار گرفتند. درصد ماده آلی خاک در سیستم بدون خاک ورزی، 72/13 درصد نسبت به خاک‌ورزی مرسوم افزایش داشت. گیاهان پوششی تراکم کل علف‌های‌هرز زمستانه را در در هر دو سال بیش از 55 درصد نسبت به شاهد بدون گیاه پوششی کاهش دادند. عملکرد ذرت در سال اول و دوم به ترتیب 89/7 و 46/8 تن در هکتار بوده و در سیستم بدون خاک ورزی، 22/10 درصد بیشتر از سیستم خاک‌ورزی مرسوم بود. ماشک گل‌خوشه‌ای 30 درصد بیشتر از سایرین، عملکرد ذرت را افزایش داد. مصرف نصف دز علف‌کش پس‌رویشی مایستر در زمان 4-3 برگی ذرت، اختلافی آماری با دز توصیه شده آن نداشت. بطور کلی نتایج نشان داد کشت گیاه پوششی ماشکگل‌خوشه‌ای در پاییز به‌همراه روش بدون‌خاک‌ورزی با کاربرد نصف دز علف‌کش مایستر در ذرت، می‌تواند ضمن افزایش حاصل‌خیزی خاک، موجب کاهش تراکم علف‌های هرز ذرت و هزینه تولید گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of cover crops, tillage and herbicide on weed control, soil properties, yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L)

نویسندگان [English]

  • parviz sharifiziveh 1
  • Ahmad tobeh 2
  • Abdulghaum Gholipouri 3
  • Mohammad Taghi Alebrahim 4
  • batol samedani 5
1 عضو هیات علمی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources, University of MohagheghArdabili, Ardabil, Iran
3 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources, University of MohagheghArdabili, Ardabil, Iran
4 Assistant Professor of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
5 Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to study different tillage systems, winter cover crops and their effect on improving soil quality and maize weeds, a split-factorial experiment using randomized complete block design was conducted at Agricultural Research and Education Center of Ardebil province (Moghan) during two years to evaluate the effect of winter cover crops, tillage and dosage of MaisTer Herbicide. Two types of tillage system in the main plot conventional tillage and no tillage. The cover treatments including vetch (Vicia villosa L.), Crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L), Rye (Secale cereale), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Rapeseed (Brassica napus) and no-cover crop, as well as reduced dosage of MaisTer® herbicide were placed in a factorial arrangement subplot. percentage of soil organic matter in the system no tillage was 13.72% higher than conventional tillage. Cover crops reduced the total winter weed density by more than 55% in both years compared to the control without cover crops. Yield of corn in the first and second year were 7.89 and 8.46 tons per hectare, respectively, and this increase in yield in the no-till system was 10.22 percent higher than the conventional tillage system. vetch increased corn yield by 30% more than other plants. Consumption of half dose of Meister regrowth herbicide at 3-4 leaves of corn did not differ statistically from its recommended dose. In general, cultivation of hairy vetch in the fall along with no-till method by applying half the dose of Meister herbicide in corn, can increase soil fertility, reduce corn weed density and production costs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Corn
  • Density
  • Tillage
  • Weed management
  • Winter cover crops
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