بررسی اثر تنش کم‌آبی بر ویژگی‌های کیفی و عملکرد روغن دانه سویا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیأت علمی مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 کارشناس، موسسه تحقیقات، اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

3 کارشناس مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

بررسی عوامل و تنشهای محیطی بر ترکیب اسیدهای چرب روغن سویا و شناسایی ارقام متحمل به کم آبی یکی از راهکارهای مناسب جهت اصلاح و بهبود ترکیب اسیدهای چرب روغن آن میباشد.اثر تنش کم آبی بر ویژگیهای کیفی و عملکرد روغن دانه 13 ژنوتیپ سویا بهصورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در کرج طی دو سال ارزیابی شدکه در آن آبیاری درسه سطح شامل آبیاری مطلوب، تنش متوسط و شدید بهترتیب براساس 50، 100 و 150 میلیمتر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A بهعنوان عامل اصلی و ژنوتیپهای سویا بهعنوان عامل فرعی بودند.نتایج نشان داد که اثر سال×آبیاری×ژنوتیپ بر عملکرد روغن ،درصد روغن، اسید اولئیک، لینولنیک و آراشیدیک معنی‌دار بود. عملکرد روغن سویا درتنش متوسط و شدید 27 و 38 درصد کاهش یافت. ژنوتیپهای Saba و A3935×Williams با 422 و 427 کیلوگرم در هکتار بیشترین عملکرد روغن را داشتند. درصد اسید پالمیتیک در تنش متوسط و شدید 6/2 و 2/1 درصد در مقایسه با آبیاری مطلوب کاهش یافت. در حالیکه اسید استئاریک درتنش متوسط و شدید با افزایش 5/9 و 8/10 درصد مواجه شد.درآبیاری مطلوب L425002 با 0/22 درصد، در تنش متوسط Century×Williams وL425002 با 6/24 و 1/24 درصد و در تنش شدیدSaba و L425002با 1/24 و 5/24 درصد از بیشترین میزان اسید اولئیک و روغن دانه بالا برخوردار بودند.در آبیاری مطلوب رقم صبا، درتنش متوسط رقم صبا و A3935× Williamsو در تنش شدید A3935× Williams بیشترین عملکرد روغن را داشتند و L425002 وCentury×Williams در کلیه سطوح تنش از بالاترین کیفیت روغن برخوردار بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of water deficit stress effects on quality characteristics and oil yield of soybean

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jahanfar Daneshian 1
  • farnaz shariati 1
  • nadia safavi fard 2
  • abdullah hassani 3
1 Faculty member of Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
2 Expert of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
3 Expert of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Investigation of environmental factors and stresses on the fatty acid composition of soybean oil and identification of water deficit tolerant cultivars is one of the strategies to improve the fatty acid composition of its oil.Effect of water deficit stress on quality characteristics and oil yield of 13 soybean genotypes were evaluated as a split plot based on randomized complete block design in three replicates in Karaj in two years.In this work irrigation was conducted at three levels including routine irrigation (control),mild and severe stress were based on 50, 100 and 150mm evaporation from ClassA evaporation pan, respectively,in main plots and soybean genotypes in sub-plots.The results showed that effect of year×irrigation×genotype on oil yield, oil content, oleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidic acid was significant.Oilyeild of soybean decreased under mild and severe stress, 27 and 38%, respectively.Saba and Williams×A3935 had the highest oilyield with an average of 422 and 427 kg/ha, respectively. palmitic acid in mild and severe stress compared to control irrigation decreased by2.6% and 1.2%.While stearic acid increased by9.5% and 10.8%in mild and severe stress conditions, respectively.In control irrigation, L425002 line with 0.22%, in mild stress conditions,Williams×Century and L425002 with 24.6% and 24.1%, and in severe stress conditions, Saba and L425002 genotypes with 24.1% and 24.5%, had the highest percentages of oleic acid and high oil content.In control irrigation, Saba cultivar,in mild stress conditions,Saba cultivar and Williams×A3935 and in severe stress conditions Williams×A3935 had the highest oil yield.L425002 and Williams×Century had the highest oil quality in all stress conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fatty Acid
  • Oil Content
  • Oil Yield
  • Soybean
  • Water Deficit

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 33، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1402
صفحه 187-202

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