ارزیابی تحمل به خشکی درلاین‌های منتخب سویا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 استادیار موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

چکیده

دراین تحقیق به بررسی تحمل به خشکی لاینهای پیشرفته سویا پرداخته شده است.در این تحقیق14لاین برتر سویا که درآزمایشات مقدماتی ارزیابی عملکرد سویا درمناطق مختلف برتر بوده اند بهمراه دورقم صبا وکوثردردو آزمایش جداگانه درقالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی درسه تکرار دردو سال زراعی 95-1394درکرج ارزیابی شدند.هردوآزمایش تازمان استقرار گیاهچه وظهورمرحله V4-V5که مصادف باتوسعه کامل چهارمین تاپنجمین برگ اصلی بود،مشابه یکدیگر آبیاری شدندوپس ازآن آزمایش اول بهصورت هفتگی ودوم بهصورت یک هفته درمیان( بهترتیب 50-55و100-120میلیمتر تبخیر ازتشتک تبخیر کلاسA)آبیاری شدند.برای ارزیابی پاسخ به تنش ازشاخصهای مختلف تحمل و حساسیت استفاده شد.بااستفاده ازتجزیه به مولفه‌های اصلی شاخصها گروه‌بندی شدندو بااستفاده از بای پلات،ژنوتیپها گروه‌بندی شدند.همچنین بااستفاده ازشاخص تلفیقیSIIG نیز گروه‌بندی انجام شدوگروه‌بندی ژنوتیپها در مقایسه با شاخص فرناندز بررسی شد.نتایج مقایسه میانگین نشان دادکه سه لاینColumbusxKrasnodar 778(L.45)،(L.44) CrafordxLan وWilliamsxKatool(L.3) درصفات تعداد غلاف درگیاه،تعداد دانه درغلاف و وزن هزاردانه و عملکرددانه بیشترین مقدار را داشته و از هردو رقم شاهد حساس ومتحمل برتر بوده‌اند.نمودار بای‌پلات نشان دادکه لاینها WilliamsxKatool( L.3)،NemahaxSavoy(L.3)و ColumbusxKrasnodar 778(L.45)وارقام صبا وکوثر درمجاورت بردارهای مربوط به شاخصهای مهم مقاومت به خشکی قرار گرفتند.لاین WilliamsxKatool( L.3)وCrafordxLan(L.44)به بردار مربوط به عملکرد در شرایط تنش تمایل داشتندو این بیانگر این است که مقادیر بالا برای شاخص تحمل خشکی دراین لاینها بیشتر به علت عملکرد بالای آن دشرایط بدون تنش بوده است.براساس شاخصSIIG، لاینWilliamsxKatool(L.3)متحملترین لاین به تنش خشکی بود.نتایج نشان دادکه در هرچهار روش جمع رتبه‌بندی،تجزیه به مولفه های اصلی وشاخصSIIG،نمودارفرناندز،لاینهایWilliamsxKatool(L.3) CrafordxLan(L.44)و ColumbusxKrasnodar 778 (L.45) متحملترین ولاینهایWilliamsxKatool(L.8)،RVBxKatool(L.13)حساسترین لاینها به تنش خشکی بودند.بنابراین استفادهاز رتبه‌بندی به جهت پیچیدگی کمتر میتواند درانتخاب ژنوتیپهای متحمل موثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of drought tolerance in selected soybean lines

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jahanfar Daneshian 1
  • Mehrzad Ahmadi 2
1 Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
2 Assistant Prof., Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In this study,drought tolerance of advanced soybean lines has been investigated. In this study,14soybean lines Along with two control cultivars of Saba and Kowsardar were separately carriedout in two experiments of a randomized complete block design with three replications in two years of2015-2016 in Karaj.These lines have been superior in preliminary experiments indicting in different regions.Both experiments were similarly irrigated until seedling establishment and the emergence of the V4-V5 stage,which coincided with the full development of the fourth to fifth leaves.Afterthat, the first experiment was irrigated weeklyand the second one aweek in between(50-55-and120-100-mm evaporation from ClassA evaporation pan,respectively).Different tolerance and sensitivity indices were used to evaluate the stress response.Indices were grouped by using principal component analysis and genotypes were grouped byusing biplot.Also,grouping wasperformed byusing SIIG indexand the resalt genotypes cluster was comparedwith Fernandez index.The resultsof mean comparison showed that three lines ColumbusxKrasnodar778(L.45),CrafordxLan(L.44)and WilliamsxKatool(L.3)in numberof pods perplant, numberof seeds per pod and1000-seedweight andseedyield had the highest value andwere superiorto both sensitiveand tolerant control cultivars.Bioplate diagram showedthat lines WilliamsxKatool(L.3).NemahaxSavoy(L.3),ColumbusxKrasnodar778(L.45)andSaba and Kosarcultivars were located near the vectorsof important drought resistance indices.Lines WilliamsxKatool(L.3)andCrafordxLan(L.44)tended tobe relatedto the yeildvector under stressconditions,indicating that the high values forthe drought tolerance index in these lines were mostly dueto its high yeild under stress conditions.Accordingto the SIIG index,the line WilliamsxKatool(L.3)was themost tolerant ofdrought stress.The results showedthat in each four methods,Sumof ranking,principal component analysis andSIIG index and fernandez diagram,linesWilliamsxKatool(L.3),CrafordxLan(L.44)andColumbusxKrasnodar778(L.45)werethe most tolerant and linesWilliamsxKatool(L.8),RVBxKatool(L.13)and were the most sensitive to drought stress.Therefore,using rankings for less complication can be effective in selecting tolerant genotypes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Tolerance indices
  • Drought stress
  • seed yield
  • Advanced line
  • Soybean
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