تحلیل کارایی فنی با استفاده از ردپای اکولوژیکی و ظرفیت زیستی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

چکیده

اهداف: ردپای اکولوژیکی به‌عنوان شاخصی برای ارزیابی میزان استفاده از منابع یا سرمایه‌های طبیعی است؛ که هر چه مقدار آن بیشتر باشد نشان‌دهنده بهره‌برداری بیشتر از منابع برای رفع نیازهای بشر و دفع ضایعات تولید شده توسط آنهاست. هدف از این مطالعه، برآورد کارایی فنی اقتصاد ایران با استفاده از ردپای اکولوژیکی می‌باشد.
مواد و روش‌ها: برای این منظور، داده‌های مربوط به نهاده‌ها (ردپای اکولوژیکی و جمعیت) و ستاده (تولید ناخالص داخلی) برای دوره‌ی 2017-1961 جمع‌آوری و تحلیل آنها با استفاده از روش تحلیل پوششی داده‌ها انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان می‌دهد که در سال‌های قبل از 1980 کمبود اکولوژیکی و در سال‌های بعد از آن مازاد اکولوژیکی وجود دارد. میانگین کارایی فنی در دوره‌ی کمبود و مازاد اکولوژیکی و برای کل دوره به‌ترتیب 97/0، 65/0 و 75/0 به‌دست آمد. بین کارایی فنی در دوره ‌کمبود و مازاد اکولوژیکی نیز اختلاف معنی‌داری از لحاظ آماری وجود دارد.
پیشنهادات: توصیه می‌شود سیاست‌های مناسبی برای کاهش ردپای اکولوژیکی و افزایش ظرفیت زیستی اتخاذ و اجرا شود تا نسبت ردپای اکولوژیکی به ظرفیت زیستی به مرور زمان کاهش یافته و پایداری در اقتصاد به‌وجود آید. همچنین پیشنهاد می‌شود یا جمعیت کاهش یابد یا اینکه دانش و آگاهی افراد در ارتباط با مصرف و استفاده از سرمایه‌های طبیعی بالا رود، تا میزان مصرف سرمایه‌های طبیعی و ردپای اکولوژیکی کاهش یابد. همچنین پیشنهاد می‌شود استفاده از منابع تجدیدپذیر جایگزین منابع تجدیدناپذیر شده و از منابع تجدیدپذیر به شکل بهینه استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Technical Efficiency Analysis Using Ecological Footprint and Biological Capacity

نویسنده [English]

  • Morteza Molaei
Department of Agricultural Economics, Urmia University
چکیده [English]

Objectives: Ecological footprint is used as an indicator to assess the use of natural resources or natural capital; The higher the amount, the greater the utilization of resources to meet human needs and the disposal of waste produced by them. The purpose of this study is to estimate the technical efficiency of Iran economy using ecological footprint.
Material and Methods: For this purpose, data related to inputs (ecological footprint and population) and output (GDP) for the period 1961-2017 were collected and analyzed using data envelopment analysis. Results: The results show that there is an ecological deficit in the years before 1980 and an ecological surplus in the years after 1980. The average technical efficiency in the period of ecological deficit and surplus and for the whole period were 0.97, 0.65 and 0.75, respectively. There is also a statistically significant difference between technical efficiency in the period of ecological deficit and surplus.
Suggestions: It is recommended that appropriate policies be adopted and implemented to reduce the ecological footprint and increase the biological capacity so that the ratio of the ecological footprint to the biocapacity decreases over time and the economy becomes sustainable. It is also suggested that either the population be reduced or that the knowledge and awareness of population about the consumption and use of natural capital be increased, in order to reduce the consumption of natural capital. Also,, it is suggested that the use of renewable sources replace non-renewable sources and that renewable sources be used efficiently.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biocapacity
  • Data Envelopment Analysis
  • Ecological Footprint
  • Iran
  • Economy
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