مطالعه اثر تنش کمبود آب و گونه‌های مختلف قارچ میکوریز آربوسکولار بر عملکرد اقتصادی، ‏عملکرد اسانس و رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی گیاه دارویی ریحان‏‎

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی تولید و پس از برداشت گیاهان دارویی، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز،

2 دانشگاه تبریز

3 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، گرایش گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.‏

چکیده

اهداف: قارچ‌های میکوریز آربوسکولار از عوامل بهبوددهنده رشد و عملکرد ‏گیاهان هستند. این قارچ‎‏‌‏‎ها از طریق ایجاد ‏تغییرات ‏در برخی از خصوصیات ریشه و جذب عناصرغذایی در ‏گیاهان میزبان موجب تخفیف در اثرات تخریبی حاصل ‏از تنش کمبود آب می‎‏‌‏‎شوند. مطالعه حاضر با ‏هدف ارزیابی عملکرد کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی ‏ریحان‎ ‎در شرایط گلخانه-‏‏‎ای تحت تأثیر تنش رطوبت به همراه سه گونه ‏قارچ میکوریز آربوسکولار بر روی صفات ‏مورفولوژیکی یا زراعی، ‏رنگیز‌ه‌های گیاهی، درصد و عملکرد اسانس این گیاه انجام شد. ‏
مواد و روش‌ها: ‏آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح ‏پایه بلوک‎‏‌‏‎های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام گرفت. ‏فاکتورهای ‏آزمایشی شامل تنش رطوبت در چهار سطح 25‏‎ ‎‏(تنش شدید)، 50 (تنش متوسط)، 75 (تنش ملایم) و 100 ‏‏(بدون تنش) درصد ‏ظرفیت ‏مزرعه‌ای، سه گونه قارچ میکوریز آربوسکولارClarodeoglomus etunicatum (Glomus ‎etunicatum), Funneliformis mosseae (Glomus mosseae), Rhizophagus irregularis (Glomus ‎intraradices)‎‏‎‏ و‏ تیمار شاهد بود. ‏
یافته‌ها: مطابق نتایج به دست آمده ‏افزایش سطح تنش ‏کم‎‌‎آبی باعث کاهش عملکرد بخش هوایی، به عنوان عملکرد ‏اقتصادی ریحان گردید اما همزیستی با میکوریز باعث ‏کاهش اثرات مخرب تنش کم‎‌‎آبی بر گیاه شد. ‏مقادیر پایین و ‏متوسط تنش کم‎‌‎آبی ‏درصد اسانس را افزایش و ‏عملکرد اسانس را کاهش داد.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج آزمایش می‌توان بیان کرد که ‏F. mosseae‏ در مقایسه با سایر گونه‌ها تأثیر بیشتری در ‏‏بهبود ‏اثرات سوء ناشی از تنش کم‌آبی در اکثر صفات مورد ارزیابی داشت. درحالی‌که تأثیر قارچ‏‎ R. irregularis ‎‏بر ‏درصد و عملکرد اسانس بالاتر از گونه ‏‎ F. mosseae‏‏بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of the effect of water stress and different species of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on ‎economic yield, essential oil ‎yield and photosynthetic pigments of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)‎

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mina Amani 1
  • Mohsen Sabzi nojadeh 2
  • Saeideh Alizadeh-Salteh 3
  • Mehdi Younessi Hamzekhanlu 2
1 PhD Student in Production and Post-Harvest Physiology of Medicinal Plants, Department of ‎Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.‎
2 University of Tabriz
3 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Orientation of Medicinal Plants, ‎Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.‎
چکیده [English]

Background & Objective:‎‏ ‏Mycorrhiz species are factors that improve plant growth and yield. The ‎effects of these fungi are ‎exerted by altering some of the root properties and absorbing nutrients in the ‎host plants under water ‎stress conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quantitative and ‎qualitative yield of basil in ‎greenhouse conditions under the influence of different levels of soil ‎moisture and three species of ‎mycorrhiza on morphological or agronomic traits, plant pigments, ‎percentage and Essential oil function. ‎
Methods & Materials: The experiment was factorial with a randomized complete block design with ‎three replications in ‎‎greenhouse conditions. Experimental factors include soil moisture at four levels of ‎‎25 (severe stress), 50 ‎‎(moderate stress), 75 (mild stress) and 100 (no stress) percent of field capacity, ‎three species of ‎mycorrhiza fungi Clarodeoglomus etunicatum (Glomus etunicatum), Funneliformis ‎mosseae (Glomus mosseae), Rhizophagus irregularis (Glomus intraradices) and control treatment.‎
Results: ‎According to the results, increasing the level of water stress reduced the performance of the ‎aerial part ‎yield, as the economic performance of basil, but coexistence with mycorrhizae reduced the ‎destructive ‎effects of water stress. Different species of mycorrhiz had positive effects on increasing ‎plant ‎pigments. ‎
Conclusion: According to the experimental results, it can be said that F. mosseae‏ ‏compared to other ‎species had a greater effect in improving the adverse effects of dehydration stress in most of the ‎evaluated traits. While the effect of G. intraradicse on the percentage and yield of essential oil was ‎higher than F. mosseae.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Basil
  • Crop yield
  • Essential oil
  • ‎‏ ‎Mycorrhiza
  • Water stress.‎
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