تأثیر کنترل علفهای هرز و مدیریت بقایای گیاهی بر جذب عناصر غذایی توسط علف های هرز و گندم در شرایط آب و هوایی خوزستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، ایران

چکیده

این تحقیق با هدف بررسی اثرات مدیریت بقایا و کنترل علف‌های هرز بر کاهش عناصر غذایی توسط علف‌هرز و جذب عناصر غذایی توسط گندم تحت تأثیر برگرداندن، سوزاندن و خارج کردن بقایا و کنترل شیمیایی علف‌های هرز، اجرا گردید. این پژوهش به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارها شامل مدیریت بقایا؛ مخلوط کردن، سوزاندن و خارج کردن بقایای کنجد؛ تیمار مهار علف‌های هرز؛ شاهد، 2,4-D+MCPA 5/1 لیتر در هکتار به صورت پس‌رویشی، آتلانتیس، 5/1 لیتر در هکتار به صورت پس‌رویشی و متریبیوزین 200 گرم در هکتار به صورت پس رویشی استفاده گردید. رقم گندم مورد مطالعه در این پژوهش رقم مهرگان بود. در مرحله 30 روز پس از کاشت، وزن خشک علف‌های هرز در شرایط سوزاندن و خارج کردن بقایا به ترتیب برابر با 4/12 و 1/12 گرم در متر مربع بود که بسیار بالاتر از میانگین وزن خشک علف‌های هرز در شرایط برگرداندن بود. بیشترین میزان نیتروژن در علف‌های هرز مربوط به تیمارهای عدم کنترل و آتلانتیس تحت شرایط سوزندان بقایا بود. بیشترین مقدار نیتروژن دانه با میانگین 46/87 کیلوگرم در هکتار، مربوط به تیمار متریبوزین در شرایط برگرداندن بقایا بود که برتری آماری معنی‌داری نسبت به سایر سطوح تیماری داشت. به طور کلی از نظر وزن خشک علف‌های هرز و مقدار برداشت شده عناصر غذایی توسط اجزای مختلف گندم و علف‌هرز، برگرداندن بقایا در کاهش وزن ماده خشک و افزایش قدرت رقابت پذیری گیاه گندم با علف‌های هرز به واسطه فراهم نمودن شرایط رشدی بهتر برای گندم می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of weed control and crop residue management on nutrient uptake by weeds and wheat in climate conditions of Khuzestan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Malek Mazbani Nasr
  • Ali Monsefi
  • payman Hasibi
Plant Production Engineering and Genetics Department. Faculty of Agriculture. Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Iran.
چکیده [English]

The field experiment was to investigate the effects of crop residue management and chemical control of weeds on the depletion of nutrients by weeds and uptake of nutrients by wheat as influence of incorporation, burning and removal of residues and chemical control of weeds. This study was performed as split plots design with three replications. Treatments include management of crop residues viz: incorporated, burning and removing sesame residues; Weed control treatment viz 2,4-D+MCPA @ 1.5 lit ha-1(POE), Atlantis @ 1.5 lit ha-1(POE) and metribuzin @ 200 g ha-1(POE). The wheat cultivar was Mehregan. At the 30 DAS, the dry weight of weeds in terms of burning and removal of residue was 12.4 and 12.1 g m-2, respectively, which is much higher than the average dry weight of weeds in terms of incorporated residue. The highest amount of nitrogen depleted by weeds was related to unweeded and Atlantis under burning. The highest amount of nitrogen uptake in the grain with an average of 87.46 kg ha-1 was related to metribuzin in terms of incorporated residues, which had a statistically significant over other levels of treatments. In general, the results showed that in terms of dry weight of weeds and the amount of nutrients depleted by different components of wheat and weeds, there is a statistically significant difference between the types of residues, that return residues in dry matter weight loss and increase the competitiveness of the wheat plant with weeds is due to the provision of better growth conditions for wheat.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chemical control
  • Nutrient
  • Residue management
  • Sustainable agriculture
  • Weed dry matter

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 33، شماره 3
مهر 1402
صفحه 157-171

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