مطالعه سه جمعیت گیاه دارویی آویشن شیرازی (Zataria multiflora) از نظر صفات زراعی و فیتوشیمیایی در اصفهان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 هیئت علمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان

2 رییس گروه علوم زراعی گیاهان دارویی

چکیده

اهداف: آویشن شیرازی (Zataria multiflora L.) گیاهی دارویی و ارزشمند از نظر اقتصادی می‏باشد که مواد موثره آن در داروسازی استفاده می‏شود. از آنجا که تحقیقات در زمینه زراعی روی این گیاه ناچیز است از این رو پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی واکـنش جمعیت‏های جمع آوری شده از رویشگاه‏های مختلف گیاه به کشت در یک محل پایه‏گذاری گردید.

مواد و روش‏ها: آزمایش طی سال‏های 1398- 1396 در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی شهید فزوه اصفهان در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار روی سه جمعیت آویشن شیرازی از رویشگاه‏های استان شامل جمعیت‏های باغ‏بهادران، فولادشهر و شهرضا انجام شد.

یافته‏ها: جمعیت‏ها از نظر اکثر صفات مورد مطالعه تفاوت معنی‏داری داشتند. جمعیت باغ‏بهادران، با متوسط عملکرد بذر، عملکرد خشک اندام هوایی و عملکرد اسانس (به ترتیب 3/3، 1764 و 2/60 کیلوگرم در هکتار) تیمار برتر تشخیص داده شد. تفاوت صفات عملکرد اندام هوایی، اسانس و بذر جمعیت‏ها در سال‏های آزمایش معنی‏دار بود. برهمکنش جمعیت در سال نشان داد که جمعیت باغ‏بهادران در سال دوم از عملکرد بذر و اندام هوایی بالاتری برخوردار بود ولی تفاوت معنی‏داری با جمعیت شهرضا نشان نداد. 18 ترکیب در اسانس جمعیت‏ها وجود داشت و کارواکرول ترکیب غالب اسانس بود که مقدار آن از 2/31 تا 61 درصد در دو سال آزمایش متغیر نشان داد.

نتیجه‏گیری: جمعیت‏های مورد مطالعه تنوع ژنتیکی برای صفات مختلف از جمله عملکرد اندام هوایی، عملکرد بذر و درصد اسانس داشتند که می‌تواند زمینه‏ساز انجام کارهای اصلاحی گردد. همچنین گیاه منبع خوبی به منظور تامین ترکیب کارواکرول مورد استفاده در صنایع غذایی و دارویی می‏باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The study of three populations of Zataria multiflora using agronomical and phytochemical traits in Isfahan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ebrahim Sharifi Ashoorabadi 2
  • Davood Aminazarm 1
2 Medicinal Plants and By-products Research Division, Research Institutes of Forest and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Zataria multiflora is very valuable economically and its components are used in Pharmaceutical industries. Since a little research has been done on this plant, therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the reaction of plant populations collected from different habitats to cultivation in one place.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted during 2017-2019 in Fozveh station Isfahan. The experiment was on the basis of randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Treatments were 3 populations of Zataria multiflora including Baghbahadoran, Fooladshahr and Shahreza.
Results and discussion: The studied populations were significantly different in many studied traits. Baghbahadoran population had the highest seed yield, essential oil and shoot dry yield with average (3.3, 60.2 and 1764 kg/ha). Years had a significant effect on aerial dry matter yield, seed yield and essential oil percentage. Interactive effect of genotype×year revealed that Baghbahadoran population had the highest seed and aerial dry yield in the second year that did not have significant difference with Shahreza. 19 components were found in populations oil. Carvacrole observed as the main essential oil component. Its rate was variable from 31.2% to 61% during two years.
Conclusion: The studied populations had the sufficient genetic diversity for various traits such as shoot yield, seed yield and essential oil percentage. The existence of this diversity can pave the way for remedial work in the future. This plant can also be introduced as an appropriate source to provide a combination of Carvacrole used in food and pharmaceutical industries.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Yield
  • essential oil
  • Lamiaceae
  • Carvacrole
  • Zataria multiflora

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 33، شماره 3
مهر 1402
صفحه 173-184

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