بررسی تأثیر تنش کم‏آبیاری بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی ارقام امیدبخش آفتابگردان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

2 استاد گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

3 دانشیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

10.22034/saps.2022.52622.2900

چکیده

اهداف:پژوهش حاضر به‏منظور شناخت و بررسی ویژگی‏های مربوط به رشد و عملکرد و نیز سازگاری آفتابگردان به‏خصوص در رابطه با شرایط کم‏آبی، اجرا گردید.

مواد و روش‏ها: این پژوهش به‏صورت کرت‏های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار و با دو عامل: آبیاری به‏عنوان عامل اصلی و رقم به‏عنوان عامل فرعی در مزرعه آزمایشی مرکز تحقیقات صفی‏آباد انجام گرفت.

یافته‏ها: بررسی میانگین‏ها نشان داد، تنش کم‏آبیاری شدید موجب کاهش 03/19 و 97/26، 34/24 و 08/45 درصد به‏ترتیب در ارتفاع ساقه، قطر ساقه، قطر طبق و عملکرد بیولوژیک گردیده است. عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد دانه ارقام آفتابگردان نیز تحت تأثیر تنش کم‏آبیاری مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند و نتایج به‏دست آمده نشان از کاهش 69/45، 94/49 و 50 درصدی، به‏ترتیب در تعداد دانه در طبق، وزن دانه‏ها در طبق و عملکرد دانه داشت. از سوی دیگر، درصد روغن دانه هم تحت تأثیر کم‏آبیاری به‏میزان 67/26 درصد کاهش پیدا کرد. رقم اسکار در تیمار شاهد با میانگین عملکرد دانه 34/5 تن در هکتار و رقم شکیرا در شرایط تنش کم‏آبیاری شدید با میانگین عملکرد دانه 67/2 تن در هکتار، به‏ترتیب بیش‏ترین و کم‏ترین عملکرد دانه در هکتار را تولید نمودند،

نتیجه‏گیری: علی‏رغم مقاومت نسبی آفتابگردان به تنش کم‏آبی، حداکثر عملکرد دانه در شرایط آبیاری نرمال تولید می‏گردد. در نهایت نیز ارقام فلیکس و لاباد با توجه به عملکرد دانه بالا و حفظ عملکرد در شرایط تنش کم‏آبیاری به‏عنوان ارقام پُر محصول و سازگار به منطقۀ دزفول و مناطق مشابه پیشنهاد می‏گردند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation the effect of low irrigation stress on the quantitative and qualitative yield of promising sunflower cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Davoud omidinasab 1
  • Moosa Meskarbashee 2
  • Afrasiab Rahnama Ghahfarokhi 3
1 Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
2 Professor Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics,Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
3 Associate Professor Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics,Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: this research was carried out in order to recognition and evaluate the characteristics related to growth and yield as well as the adaptation of sunflower especially in relation to dehydration conditions.

Materials and Methods: This research carried as a split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replication and with two factor: irrigation as the main factor and cultivar as sub - factor were performed in the experimental farm of Safiabad Research Center.

Results: Evaluation of means showed, severe irrigation low stress caused a decrease of 19.03, 26.97, 24.34 and 45.08 % respectively in stem height, stem diameter, head diameter and biological yield. Yield and grain yield components of sunflower cultivars also evalouation under the influence of low irrigation stress and the results show a decrease of 45.69, 49.94 and 50 %, respectively in number of grains/head, grain weight/head and grain yield. On the other hand, the percentage of grain oil decreased enough 26.67% under the influence of low irrigation. Oscar cultivar in control treatment with average grain yield of 5.34 t/ha and Shakira cultivar in severe irrigation low stress conditions with average grain yield 2.67 t/ha, respectively produced the highest and lowest grain yield/ha.

Conclusion: despite relative resistance sunflower dehydration stress, maximum grain yield is produced under normal irrigation conditions. Finally, Felix and Labad cultivars according to high grain yield and maintaining yield in conditions of low irrigation stress they are recommended as high yield and compatible cultivars in Dezful region and similar regions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Grain yield
  • Percentage oil
  • Dehydration
  • cultivar
  • Felix
  • Labad
Alahdadi I, Oraki H and Parhizkar Khajani F. 2011. Investigation of the fatty acid compositions and some chemical characteristics in sunflower hybrids under water deficit stress. Journal of Food Science and Technology (Iran), 8 (28). 9 – 18. (In Persian).
Asadzadeh N, Moosavi S GH, and Seghatoleslami MJ. 2017. Effect of irrigation regimes and application of nano and conventional ZnO and SiO2 fertilizers on yield, yield components and water use efficiency of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). Applied Research in Field Crops, 30 (1 – 114). 1 - 17. (In Persian).
Banaei - Asl F, Toorchi M, Norouzi M and Shakiba M. 2013. Effect of drought stress on yield and yield components of some sunflower recombinant inbred lines. International Journal Biosciences, 3. 50 - 60.
Canavar Ö, and Kaptan M A. 2014. Changes In macro and micro plant nutrients of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under drought stress. Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, 57 (1). 136 – 139.
Corell M, Garcia MC, Contreras JI, Segura ML and Cermeño P. 2012. Effect of water stress on S alvia officinalis L. bioproductivity and Its bioelement concentrations. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 43 (1 - 2). 419 - 425.‏
Davoudi SH, Mirshekari b, Mirmahmodi T, Farahvash F and Yazdanseta S. 2019. The effect of seed priming with salicylic acid and ascorbic acid on antioxidant activity, seed yield and oil percentage of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under normal and water stress conditions. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 12 (4). 1251 – 1262. (In Persian).
Elena B and Paula I. 2010. The water stress resistance to some foreign sunflower hybrids. Journal of horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology, 3. 81 - 84.‏
Emami Bistgani Z, Siadat S A, Bakhshande A, Alami Saeid KH and Shiresmaeili GH H. 2011. Effect of plant density on yield and quality traits of four sunflower genotypes. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 1 (2). 91 – 103. (In Persian).
Fernández - Luqueño F, López - Valdez F, Miranda - Arámbula M, Rosas - Morales M, Pariona N and Espinoza - Zapata R. 2014. An introduction to the sunflower crop. Nova Science Publishers Inc: 978 – 1 – 63117 - 347-9. 1 – 18.
Ghaffari M, Toorchi M, Valizadeh M and Shakiba MR. 2012. Morpho - physiological screening of sunflower inbred lines under drought stress condition. Turkish journal of Field Crops, 17 (2). 185 - 190.
Heidari M, Paydar A, Baradarn Firozabad M and Abedinin Esfalati M. 2019. The effect of drought stress and application of humic on quantitative yield, photosynthetic pigments, and mineral nutrients content in sunflower seeds. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 50 (4) – 51 – 62. (In Persian).
Hladni N, Jocić S, Miklič V, Mijić A, Saftić - Panković D and Škorić D. 2010. Effect of morphological and physiological traits on seed yield and oil content in sunflower. Helia, 33 (53). 101 - 116.
Izan T, Javanmard A, Shekari F, Sabaghnia N and Amin abbasi A. 2020. Evaluation of yield, yield components and some physiological traits of sunflower with integrative application of biological, chemical, and organic fertilizers under different irrigation levels. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 30 (3). 87 – 111. (In Persian).
Jalilian J, Modarres - Sanavy SAM, Saberali S F and Sadat - Asilan K. 2012. Effects of the combination of beneficial microbes and nitrogen on sunflower seed yields and seed quality traits under different irrigation regimes. Field Crops Research, 127. 26 - 34.‏
Karimi - Kakhaki M and Sepehri A. 2010. Effect of deficit irrigation at reproductive growth stage on remobilization of dry matter in four sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) cultivars. Journal of Crop Plants of Sciences Iran, 12 (4) 422 – 435. (In Persian).
Kaya MD and Kolsarici Ö. 2011. Water use features of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids irrigated at different growth stages. Tarla bitkileri merkez araştırma enstitüsü dergisi, 20 (1). 1 – 5.
Kazemalilou S, Najafi N and Reyhanitabar A. 2017. Increasing the yield and yield components of sunflower by integrated application of phosphorus and sewage sludge under optimum and limited irrigation conditions. Journal of Water and Soil, 31 (6). 1637 - 1650. (In Persian).
Maghsoudi1 B, Lak Sh, Ghaffari M, Alavi Fazel M and Sakinezhad T. 2019. Effect of agronomic traits and drought resistance indices on determination of susceptible and tolerant sunflower lines. Agricultural Research Journal, 11 (4). 339 - 358. (In Persian).
Martin DL, Stegman EC and Fereres E. 1990. Irrigation scheduling principles. IN: Management of Farm Irrigation Systems. American Society of Agricultural Engineers. St. Joseph. MI. 1990, p 155 – 203. 19 fig. 9 tab. 81 ref.‏
Mehrpouyan M, Gulshan AN and Sayfzadea S. 2010. Effect of irrigation stop at different growth stages on some agronomic traits of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under three plant densities in Takestan region. Iran. Plant Ecophysiology, 2. 137 - 144.‏
Melnyk A, Akuaku J and Makarchuk A. 2017. State and prospects of sunflower production in ukraine. Agroforestry, 2 (3). 116 – 123.
Mojaddam M. 2016. Effect of drought stress on physiological characteristics and performance Sunflower grain yield at different levels of nitrogen. Electronic Journal Crop Production, 9 (4). 121 – 136. (In Persian).
Moradi - Ghahderijani M, Jafarian S and Keshavarz H. 2017. Alleviation of water stress effects and improved oil yield in sunflower by application of soil and foliar amendments. Rhizosphere, 4. 54 - 61.
Nagarathna TK, Shadakshari YG, Parama VR, Jagadish KS and Puttarangaswamy KT. 2012. Examination of root characters, isotope discrimination, physiological and morphological traits and their relationship used to identify the drought tolerant sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes. Helia, 35 (56). 1 - 8.
Onemli F and Gucer T. 2010. Response to drought of some wild species of Helianthus at seedling growth stage. Helia, 33 (53). 45 - 53.‏
Pekcan V, Evci G, Yilmaz M I, Nalcaiyi A S B, Erdal S Ç, Cicek N, ... and Kaya Y. 2015. Drought effects on yield traits of some sunflower inbred lines. Poljoprivreda i sumarstvo, 61 (4). 101–107.
Pourtaghi A, Darvish F, Habibi D, Nourmohammadi G and Daneshian J. 2011. Effect of irrigation water deficit on antioxidant activity and yield of some sunflower hybrids. Australian journal of Crop Science, 5 (2). 197–204.
Rafiei F, Darbaghshahi M R N, Rezai A and Nasiri B M. 2013. Survey of yield and yield components of sunflower cultivars under drought stress. International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 1. 1628 - 1638.‏
Rahimizadeh M, Kashani A, Zare fizabady A, Madani H and Soltani E. 2010. Effect of micronutrient fertilizers on sunflower growth and yield in drought stress condition. Electronic journal Crop Production, 3 (1). 57-72. (In Persian).
Rauf A, Maqsood M, Ahmad A and Gondal A S. 2012. Yield and oil content of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as influenced by spacing and reduced irrigation condition. Crop Production, 1 (1). 41 - 45.‏
Sarvari M, Darvishzadeh R and Najafzadeh R. 2016. Morphological and molecular responses of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) lines to drought stress. Iranian journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 5 (1). 40 - 56.‏
Seghatoleslami M J, Bradaran R, Ansarinia E L H A M and Mousavi S G. 2012. Effect of irrigation and nitrogen level on yield, yield components and some morphological traits of sunflower. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 44 (5). 1551 - 1555.
Seyed Sharifi R and Seyed Sharifi R. 2017. Effect of irrigation withholding in reproductive stages and biofertilizers on quantity and quality of yield and grain filling duration of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 7 (3). 99 -113. (In Persian).
Sezen S M, Yazar A, Kapur B and Tekin S. 2011. Comparison of drip and sprinkler irrigation strategies on sunflower seed and oil yield and quality under Mediterranean climatic conditions. Agricultural Water Management, 98 (7). 1153 - 1161.‏
Sheidaie S, Sadeghi H, Yari L, Oskouei B and Rahmani M. 2012. Effect of seed treatments on germination indices of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids under drought stress conditions. Technical journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2 (7). 157 - 161.‏
Sorkhi F. 2019. Reaction of sunflower iroflor cultivar to water deficit tension and methods of bio phosphate fertilizer application in miandoab area. Scientific Journal of Crop Physiology, 41. 95 – 110. (In Persian).
Tabatabaei A and Shakeri E. 2012. Comparison of qualitative and quantitative traits and tolerance indices of sunflower cultivars under drought stress and non-stress conditions. Agronomi knowledge, 5 (8). 15 – 26. (In Persian).
Tahramooz A and Ghalavand A. 2018. Reducing the effects of water stress using vermicompost and mineral zeolite in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). Journal of Agroecology, 10 (1). 81 – 93. (In Persian).
Totsky I V and Lyakh V A. 2015. Pollen selection for drought tolerance in sunflower. Helia, 38 (63). 211– 220.
Vanclooster M, Gonzalez C, Vanderborght J, Mallants D and Diels J. 1994. An indirect calibration procedure for using TDR in solute transport studies. Special Publicatin (SP), 19 - 94. US Dep. of Interior. Bureau of Mines; Washington; DC, 215 - 226.‏