ارزیابی صفات رشدی و پایداری عملکرد گندم با کاربرد تریکودرما و اینتروباکتر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 گروه زراعت، پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست فناوری کشاورزی طبرستان، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

چکیده

چکیده
پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور بررسی اثر تیمار تریکودرما هاماتوم (Trichoderma hamatum) و اینتروباکتر (Enterobacter sp.) به‌عنوان محرک رشد گیاه بر صفات رویشی و عملکرد گندم (رقم میلان)، در روستای سوته شهرستان ساری به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد‌شده فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 94-1393 انجام شد. عامل اصلی کود فسفر (سوپرفسفات‌ تریپل) در سه سطح صفر، 50 و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار و عامل‌ فرعی شامل تیمار قارچی در دو سطح عدم تلقیح (شاهد) و تلقیح با تریکودرماو ‌تیمار باکتریایی در دو سطح بدون باکتری (شاهد) و تلقیح با اینتروباکتر بودند. نتایج حاکی از تأثیر مثبت هر دو ‌تیمار قارچوباکتری بر بیشتر صفات مورد بررسی در گیاه گندم بود. در سطوح فسفر صفر، 50 و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار،کاربرد اینتروباکتر به‌ترتیب باعث افزایش حدود 19، 7 و 26 درصدی عملکرد دانه شد. همچنین، تلقیح  تریکودرما افزایش حدود 13 درصدی عملکرد دانه و 10 درصدی زیست‌توده را نسبت به شرایط عدم کاربرد قارچ و باکتری به‌همراه داشت. تلقیح ‌توأم قارچ و باکتری نیز باعث افزایش تمامی صفات از جمله طول سنبله (حدود چهار درصد)، عملکرد دانه (حدود 21 درصد) و زیست‌توده (حدود 10 درصد) نسبت به شرایط شاهد گردید. بنابراین، با توجه به بهبود صفات مورد بررسی گندم در پی تلقیح با این ریزجانداران در تمامی سطوح فسفر مصرفی نسبت به مصرف تنهای کود شیمایی فسفره، می‌توان اظهار داشت که استفاده از این نهاده‌های بوم‌سازگار ضمن بهبود عملکرد دانه، می‌تواند باعث کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی فسفره گشته و از نظر زیست‌محیطی نیز بسیار کارآمد می‌باشند.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Growth and Yield Stability of Wheat by Application of Trichoderma and Enterobacter sp.

نویسندگان [English]

  • Faezeh Mohammadi Kashka 1
  • Hemmatollah Pirdashti 2
  • Yasser Yaghoubian 2
  • Esmaeil Bakhshandeh 2
چکیده [English]

Abstract
This study was carried out to study the effect of biopriming using Trichoderma hamatum and Enterobacter sp. as plant growth promoting on some morphological characteristics and grain yield (GY) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. ‘Milan’). A field experiment was conducted in a split factorial arrengment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Sari (Soteh village) during 2014-2015. Three levels of triple super phosphate (TSP; zero, 50 and 100 kg.ha-1) were applied as the main plot and both fungal (inoculation with Trichoderma hamatum and uninoculated as control) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) inoculations (inoculation with Enterobacter sp. and uninoculated as control), were served as the sub-plots. The results indicate a positive effect of both fungal and PSB inoculations on the most studied traits of wheat. Enterobacter sp. increased GY by 19, 7, and 26% when used with zero, 50 and 100 kg.ha-1 of TSP, respectively. In addition, Trichoderma hamatum increased GY and biological yield (BY) by 13 and 10%, respectively, as compared to the control conditions. Enterobacter sp. inoculation along with Trichoderma hamatum enhanced the values of all studied triats such as panicle length (4%), GY (21%) and (10%) as compared to the control. Therefore, these environmental friendly microorganisms can be used as an effective seed inoculants to improve grain yield of wheat and to decrease over application of P fertilizers and also could be useful tools for soil productivity, particularly when were used along with TSP as compared to the application of TSP alone.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biomass
  • Grain Yield
  • Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria
  • Triple Super Phosphate
  • Wheat
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