عملکرد، میزان اسانس و برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی نعناع فلفلی(Mentha piperita L.) متاثر از وجین علف‌های هرز و تراکم کاشت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر و محقق علوم علفهای هرز. عضو باشگاه پژوهشگران، نخبگان و جوان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی

2 دکتری علوم علفهای هرز، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

چکیده

     به منظور بررسی اثر وجین دستی علف­های هرز و تراکم­های مختلف کاشت بر عملکرد، مقدار اسانس و برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی گیاه نعناع فلفلی، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل و بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو چین در منطقه همدان و در دو سال زراعی 1391 و 1392  به اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل کنترل علف­های هرز در دو سطح وجین دستی و عدم وجین دستی علف­های هرز و تراکم بوته در چهار سطح 6، 10، 14 و 18 بوته در متر مربع بود. علف­های هرز شناسایی شده در مزرعه شامل قیاق، پیچک صحرایی، یولاف  وحشی، تاج ریزی، پنیرک، بارهنگ و سلمه تره بودند. نتایج در هر دوچین نشان داد که وجود علف­های هرز، کاهش کمی نعناع فلفلی در صفات مختلف را سبب شد.  نعناع فلفلی در چین اول از رشد مطلوب تری نسبت به چین دوم برخوردار بود، به طوری که بیشترین عملکرد اسانس و عملکرد تر و خشک را در چین اول تولید نمود. وجین دستی علف­های هرز سبب افزایش وزن­ تر، وزن خشک، عملکرد اسانس، سطح برگ و درصد پوشش سبز گردید. افزایش تراکم نیز اثر چشمگیری روی افزایش وزن تر و خشک، عملکرد اسانس و درصد پوشش سبز داشت؛ بطوریکه بیشترین راندمان در موارد بیان شده در تراکم 18 بوته در متر مربع بدست آمد. نتایج نشان داد رعایت تراکم مناسب بوته جهت افزایش کمیت و کیفیت نعناع فلفلی الزامی است.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Yield, Essential Oil and Some Morphological Characteristics of Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) influenced by Hand Weeding and Plant Density

نویسندگان [English]

  • Somayeh Gity 1
  • Mohammad Raoofy 2
چکیده [English]

The effects of hand weeding and plant density on yield, rate of essential oil and some morphological characters of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), investigated by factorial experiment based of randomized complete block design with three replication over two cuts in Hamedan in 2012-13. Experimental factors were weed controls in two levels (hand weeding and without weed control (weed infested)) and plant density in three levels (6,10,14 and 18 plants.m-2). Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense L.), Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.), Wild oat (Avena  fatua L.), Black night shade (Solanum nigrum L.), Common mallow (Malva neglecta Walr), Hoary plantain (Plantago media L.) and Common lamb’s quarters (Chenopodium album L.) are included as identified weeds in the field. The results in both cuts showed that weeds caused a decrease in qualitative and quantitative characters in peppermint. Peppermint plants had grown better in the first cutting than the second cutting. Plant harvested in the first cutting had higher dry and fresh yield and essential oil yield. Hand weeding caused increase in fresh and dry weight, essential oil yield, leaf area and percentage green cover. Increase in density had dramatic effects on increase of dry and fresh weight, yield of essential oil and percentage green cover, highest efficiency in above mentioned, was obtained in 18 plants.m-2 plant density. Results indicated that to increase peppermint’s quality and quantity it’s required to observe optimal density.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Density
  • Essential Oil
  • Peppermint
  • Yield
  • Weed
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