بررسی اثرات زیست محیطی نظام تولید چای در منطقه چابکسر استان گیلان با استفاده از ارزیابی چرخه حیات

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران

2 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 گروه مدیریت کشاورزی، واحد اسلامشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اسلامشهر، ایران

4 گروه زراعت، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران

5 اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

ارزیابی چرخه حیات (LCA) رویکردی برای مطالعه اثرات زیست محیطی تولید محصول یا انجام یک فعالیت است که براساس دو شاخص میزان مصرف منابع و انتشار آلاینده­ها محاسبه می­گردد. بدین منظور، این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی اثرات زیست محیطی نظام تولید چای در شرایط آب و هوایی استان گیلان با استفاده از LCA انجام شد. به‌منظور تجزیه و تحلیل اثرات زیست محیطی، از روش 14040ISO به ازای یک واحد عملکردی معادل با یک تن برگ چای استفاده شد. در گام اول، ممیزی چرخه حیات، میزان مصرف نهاده­ها و انتشار آلاینده­ها به ازای یک واحد عملکردی تعیین شدند. در مرحله بعد، ارزیابی چرخه حیات انجام گرفت و بر اساس شاخص­هایی اطلاعات مرحله قبل، در هفت گروه تأثیر شامل گرمایش جهانی، اسیدیته، اوتریفیکاسیون بوم­نظام­خشکی، تغییر کاربری اراضی، تخلیه منابع فسیلی، تخلیه منابع فسفات و تخلیه منابع پتاسیم دسته­بندی شدند. در نهایت، بعد از نرمال­سازی و وزنی­دهی داده­ها، شاخص نهایی در این گروه‌های تأثیر به ترتیب معادل با 05/0، 32/0، 56/0، 04/0، 31/2، 42/0 و 07/0 محاسبه شد و بیش‌ترین پتانسیل برای آسیب به محیط زیست در تولید چای در استان گیلان برای تخلیه منابع فسیلی محاسبه گردید. شاخص زیست محیطی (EcoX) و تخلیه منابع  (RDI)نیز به ترتیب برابر 97/0 و 62/2 به دست آمد. بدین ترتیب، به‌منظور کاهش اثرات زیست محیطی نظام تولید چای می‌توان از روش­های مختلف مدیریت نظام زراعی همچون کاربرد نهاده­های آلی و خاک‌ورزی حداقل بهره جست.  

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of Environmental Impacts for Tea Production System in Chaboksar Region of Guilan Province Through Life Cycle Assessment

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amin Nikkhah 1
  • surur Khortamdel 2
  • Mohammad Abedi 3
  • Saeed Firouzi 4
  • Hani Hamzeh Kalkenari 5
چکیده [English]

         Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a methodology for assessing the environmental impacts associated with a product, process or activity, by identifying, quantifying and evaluating the resources consumed and all emissions and wastes released into the environment. This study examined the environmental impacts for tea production under Guilan climatic conditions by using LCA methodology. For this purpose, a functional unit equal to one ton tea leaf was assumed based on ISO 14040 methods. In the first step, all emissions and the consumption of resources connected to the different processes were listed in a life cycle inventory and related to a functional unit. Then, a life cycle impact assessment was done, in which the inventory data were aggregated into indicators for environmental effects, which included global warming, acidification, eutrophication for terrestrial ecosystems, land use, depletion of fossil sources, depletion of phosphate sources and depletion of potassium sources. Finally, the values were normalized and weighted and indicator values for these impact categories were calculated 0.05, 0.32, 0.56, 0.04, 2.31, 0.42 and 0.08. The highest potential for environmental impact of tea production was calculated for depletion of fossil resources category. Environmental index (Ecox) and resource depletion index were recorded as 0.97 and 2.62, respectively. It seems that management systems based on low input system including organic fertilizers, crop rotation and minimum tillage could be regarded as alternative management strategies to reduce problematic environmental impacts of tea production system.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Acidification
  • Environmental index
  • Eutrophication
  • Life cycle assessment
  • Resource depletion Index
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