اثر کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی بر عملکرد دانه و اسانس زیره سبز (Cuminum cyminum L.) در کشت مخلوط با باقلا (Vicia faba L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

     به منظور بررسی اثر کودهای زیستی در ترکیب با کود شیمیایی بر عملکرد دانه و اسانس زیره سبز (.Cuminumcyminum L) در کشت مخلوط با باقلا (Vicia faba L.)، آزمایشی در سال 1393 به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با 12 تیمار در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز اجرا شد. فاکتور اول شامل الگوی کاشت در چهار سطح کشت خالص زیره سبز و سه الگوی کشت مخلوط جایگزینی باقلا و زیره سبز به صورت ردیفی (یک ردیف باقلا + یک ردیف زیره سبز)؛ و نواری شامل دو ردیف باقلا + دو ردیف زیره سبز و چهار ردیف باقلا + چهار ردیف زیره سبز  بود. فاکتور دوم سه سطح کودی به صورت کاربرد 100 درصد کود شیمیایی (50 کیلوگرم کود اوره + 150 کیلوگرم سوپرفسفات تریپل در هکتار)،  50 درصد کود شیمیایی + کودهای زیستی (ازتو بارور + فسفات بارور 2 ) و 10 تن در هکتار ورمی کمپوست در نظر گرفته شد. بیشترین تعداد برگ و اجزای عملکرد دانه زیره سبز در کشت مخلوط 1:1 مشاهده شد. کشت مخلوطردیفی با کاربرد 100% کود شیمیایی بیشترین عملکرد اسانس زیره (8/4 کیلوگرم در هکتار) را نسبت به سایر ترکیبات تیماری تولید کرد. ارزیابی شاخص­های کشت مخلوط نیز نشان داد که کشت مخلوط ردیفی در همه سطوح کودی بیشترین مجموع ارزش نسبی(9/1) و نسبت برابری زمین استاندارد (3/1-4/1) را داشت.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Bio- and Chemical Fertilizers on Grain and Essential Oil Yield of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) in Intercropping with Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shafighe Sakhavi
  • Rouhoullah Amini
  • Mohamma Reza Shakiba
  • Adel Dabbagh Mohammadi_Nasab
چکیده [English]

The effect of bio-fertilizers and intercropping with faba bean (Vicia faba L.) on grain and essential oil yield of cumin(Cuminum cyminum L.)evaluated by field experiment as factorial based on randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and three replications at the Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz in 2014. The first factor was four levels of cropping systems including, monoculture of cumin; three replacement intercropping patterns including row intercropping of faba bean with cumin (1 row faba bean-1 row cumin); strip intercropping as 2 rows faba bean-2 row cumin and 4 rows faba bean - 4 rows cumin. The second factor was three levels of fertilizers including 100% chemical fertilizer, 50% chemical fertilizer + biofertilizer (Azotobarvar + Barvar 2) and vermicompost (10 ton.ha-1).Results showed that the highest leaf number per plant of cumin was observed in 1:1 intercropping. The yield components of cumin in row intercropping pattern were higher than them in other intercropping patterns. The row intercropping +100% chemical fertilizer, had the highest cumin essential oil yield (4.8 kg.ha-1). Evaluating the intercropping indices showed that 1:1 intercropping had the highest relative value total (1/9) and standard land equivalent ratio (1/3-1/4) at all fertilizer levels.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bio-Fertilizer
  • Cumin
  • Intercropping
  • Land Equivalent Ratio
  • Vermicompost
Abbasi Ali-Kamar R, Hejazi  A, Akbari G, Kafi M and Zand E. 2006. Evaluating the effect of different densities of cumin and chick pea intercropping with emphasis on weed control.  Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 4 (1): 83-95.(In Persian)
Anwar M, Patra DD, Chand S, Alpesh K, Naqvi AA and Khanuja SPS. 2005. Effect of   organic manures and inorganic fertilizer on growth, herb and oil yield, nutrient accumulation, and oil quality of French basil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 36(13-14): 1737-1746.
Banik  P, Midya  A, Sarkar  BK and  Ghose  SS. 2006. Wheat and chickpea intercropping systems in an additive experiment: Advantages and weed smothering. European Journal of Agronomy,
24:325-332.                                                  
Barker AV and Bryson GM. 2006. Comparisons of compost with low or high nutrient status for growth of plants in containers. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 37:1303-1319.
Bigonah R, Rezvani Moghaddam P and Jahan M. 2014. Effects of intercropping on biological yield, percentage of nitrogen and morphological characteristics of coriander and fenugreek. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 12 (3): 369-377. (In Persian)
Cakmakc R, Donmez MF and Erdogan U. 2007. The effect of plant growth  promoting rhizobacteria on barley seedling growth, nutrient uptake, some soil properties, and bacterial counts. Turkish Journal of Agriculture, 31: 139-199.
Clarck  EA  and Francis  CA. 1985. Transgressive yielding in time and space. Field Crops Research, 11: 37-53.                                                                                                                                                      
Erol A, Kaplan M, and Kizilsimsek M. 2009. Oats (Avena sativa)- common vetch (Vicia sativa) mixtures grown on a low-input basis for a sustainable agriculture. Tropical Grassland, 43: 191-196.
Jamshidi E, Ghalavand A, Sefidkon F, and Goltaph EM. 2012. Effects of different nutrition systems (organic and chemical) on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Fennel (Foeniculum valgare Mill.) under water deficit stress. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 28 (2):309-323. (In Persian)
Lithourgidis AS, Dhima KV, Vasilakoglou IB, Dordas CA and Yiakoulaki MD. 2007. Sustainable production of barley and wheat by intercropping common vetch. Journal of Agronomy, 27:95-99.
Maffi M, and Mucciarelli M. 2003. Essential oil yield in peppermint/soybean strip intercropping. Field Crops Research, 84: 229 – 240.
Makkizadeh M, Nasrollahzadeh S, Zehtab Salmasi S, Chaichi M, Khavazi K. 2012. The effect of organic, biologic and chemical fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science, 22(1): 1-12. (In Persian)
Manaffee WF, and Kloepper JW. 1994. Applications of plant growth agriculture.  in:Soil biota management in sustainable farming. Pankburst CE, Doube BM,  Gupta VVSR and Grace PR, (eds.) pp:23-31. CSIRO, Pub. East Melbourne, Australia.  Nabizadeh-Marvdasht MR, Kafi M, and Rashed-Mohassel MH. 2003. Effects of salinity on growth, yield salts accumulation and essential oil percentage of cumin. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 1 (1): 53-60. (In Persian)
Omidbaigi, R., 2011. Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants. Astane Ghods Razavi, Mashhad. (In Persian)
Pouramir F, Nassiri Mahallati M, Koocheki A, and Ghorbani R. 2010. Assessment of sesame and chickpea yield and yield components in the replacement series intercropping. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 8 (5): 747-757. (In Persian).
Rezvani-Moghadam P, and Moradi R. 2012. Assessment of planting date, biological fertilizer and intercropping on yield and essential oil of cumin and fenugreek. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 43(2): 217-230. (In Persian).
Salehi A, Ghalavand A, Sefidkon F, and Asgharzade A. 2011. The effect of zeolite, PGPR and vermicompost application on N, P, K concentration,  essential oil content and yield in organic cultivation of German Chamomile) Matricaria chamomilla L.) Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 27 (2): 188-201. (In Persian)
Schröder D and Köpke U. 2012. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) intercropped with oil crops — a strategy to enhance rooting density and to optimize nitrogen use and grain production? Field Crop Research, 135: 74–81.
Sharma  AK. 2005. Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture. Agrobios, India.
Sujatha  S, Bhat  R, Kannan C and  Balasimha  D. 2011. Impact of intercropping of medicinal and aromatic plants with organic farming approach on resource use efficiency in arecanut (Areca catechu L.) plantation in India. Industrial Crops and Products, 33: 78-83.
Sullivan P. 2003. Applying the principle of sustainable farming. ATTRA National   Sustainable Agriculture Information Service.
Vessey JK.  2003. Plant growth promoting  rhizobacteria as  bio-fertilizers.  Plant   and Soil, 255:  571-586.
Vrignon-Brenas S, Celette F, Piquet-Pissaloux A, Jeuffroy MH and Davi C. 2016. Early assessment of ecological services provided by forage legumes in relay intercropping. European Journal of Agronomy, 75: 89-98.
Wood R, Lenzen M, Dey C and Lundie S. 2006. A comparative study of some environmental impacts of conventional and organic farming in Australia.Agricultural Systems, 89: 324-348.
Wu SC, Caob ZH, Lib ZG, Cheunga KC and Wonga MH.  2005.  Effects of  bio-fertilizer containing  N-fixer, P and K  solubilize  and  AM  fungi  on  maize  growth: a greenhouse  trial. Geoderma, 125: 155-166.