بررسی ارتباط برخی صفات کمی و کیفی مؤثر بر عملکرد کنجد تحت تأثیر نیتروژن، پتاسیم و تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 رشته زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد دامغان، دامغان، ایران

2 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد دامغان، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، تخصص: فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

3 دانشکده کشاورزی شاهد، تخصص: فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

چکیده

چکیده
به منظور مطالعه ارتباط صفات کمی و کیفی مؤثر بر عملکرد دانه کنجد در تیمارهای تغذیه­ای با کودهای شیمیایی، زیستی و نانو و تحت تنش خشکی، آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل رژیم­های آبیاری به صورت قطع آبیاری در مراحل مختلف رشدی براساس معیار BCH، آبیاری کامل و قطع آبیاری در BBCH 75 و 65، سه نوع کود نیتروژنه شامل نیتروکسین، اوره و ترکیب نیتروکسین با 50 درصد اوره و چهار ترکیب کود پتاسیم به صورت عدم کوددهی به عنوان شاهد، محلول­پاشی و کاربرد خاکی نانو کلات پتاسیم (به ترتیب 2 در هزار و 2 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و دی اکسید پتاسیم به میزان 2 لیتر در هکتار بودند. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در آبیاری تا50 درصد دانه­بندی در عدم محلول­پاشی پتاسیم و استفاده کود زیستی نیتروکسین با میانگین 5/1340 کیلوگرم در هکتار به دست آمد که باعث افزایش حدود 35 درصدی در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد گردید. عملکرد دانه با صفات قطر ساقه، وزن خشک بوته، تعداد کپسول، تعداد دانه در کپسول، وزن هزار دانه و درصد و عملکرد روغن همبستگی مثبت و معنی­داری داشت. بین صفات مورفولوژیک و عملکردی همبستگی قابل توجه و معنی­دار وجود نداشت. نتایج رگرسیون گام به گام نشان داد که حداکثر اختلاف عملکرد دانه را می­توان به تعداد کل کپسول، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد دانه در کپسول، عملکرد روغن و درصد روغن  نسبت داد که 1/99 درصد از تغییرات عملکرد دانه را توجیه می­کردند. محلول­پاشی نانو کلات پتاسیم در شرایط قطع آبیاری در 50 درصد دانه­بندی (معادل BBCH 75) و استفاده از کود زیستی نیتروکسین بالاترین عملکرد دانه در شرایط کشت دوم بعد از گندم را داشت و قابل استفاده برای اقلیم­های خشک و نیمه‌خشک می­باشد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Relationship between Some Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics Affecting Sesame Yield under Nitrogen, Potassium and Drought Stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Akram Mahdavi Khorami 1
  • Jafar Masoud Sinaki 2
  • Majid Amini Dehaghi 3
  • Shahram Rezvan 2
  • Ali Damavandi 2
چکیده [English]

Abstract
      In order to study the relationship between quantitative and qualitative traits with sesame grain yield in nutrient treatments as chemical, biological and nano fertilizers and drought stress, an experiment was conducted as factorial split plot based on randomized complete block design with three repetitions. The experiment factors including irrigation regimes, irrigation withholding at different stages of development based on BBCH, full irrigation and irrigation up 65 and 75 BBCH, three nitrogen fertilizers as nitroxin, urea and combination with nitroxin and 50 % urea and four combinations of potassium fertilizer, as non-fertilized as control, spraying and soil application of potassium nano-chelate (2 ppt and 2 kg.ha-1 respectively) and potassium dioxide (2 l.ha-1). The highest grain yield was obtained in irrigation up to 50 % seed ripping in non-application of potassium and use of nitroxin with average of 1340.5 kg.ha-1 that about 35 % increased the average of this trait compared to the control treatment. The grain yield was positively and significantly correlated with stem diameter, plant dry weight, number of capsules, number of seeds per capsule, 1000-seed weight and oil percentage and yield. There was no significant correlation between morphological and yield traits. The results of stepwise regression showed that the maximum grain yield difference can be attributed to the total number of capsules, 1000 seed weight, number of seeds per capsule, oil yield and oil percentage which explained 91.1 % of the grain yield changes. The application of potassium nano- chelate in irrigation withholding at 50 % seed ripening (equivalent to 75 BBCH) and using of nitroxin bio-fertilizer had the highest grain yield in second cultivation after wheat and is suitable for dry and semi-arid climates.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Irrigation Withholding
  • Nitroxin
  • Potassium Nano-Chelate
  • Regression Analysis
  • Sesame
  • Yield
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