اثر میکوریزا و محلول‌پاشی عناصر روی، بور، پتاسیم بر ویژگی‌های زراعی و کیفی توتون

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد سنندج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
تاثیر میکوریزا و محلول‌پاشی عناصر روی، بور، پتاسیم بر خصوصیات زراعی و کیفی توتون، در سال زراعی 1395-1394 در مزارع توتون‌کاری روستای بیلو واقع در شهرستان مریوان مورد تحقیق قرار گرفت. آزمایش به صورت طرح یکبار خرد شده یا اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح پایه بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار  بود. کرت اصلی شامل تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا (گلوموس اینترارادیسس) در دو سطح شاهد (عدم کاربرد میکوریزا) و تلقیح با قارچ میکوریزا و عامل فرعی محلول‌پاشی عناصر کم مصرف و پر مصرف در پنج سطح شامل شاهد (آب مقطر)، روی، بور، پتاسیم، روی+ بور+ پتاسیم در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که در کمربرگ صفاتی از قبیل وزن تر و خشک برگ و در لچه برگ توتون کیفیت یا قیمت برگ تحت تاثیر تلقیح با میکوریزا کاهش معنی‌داری نشان دادند. حداکثر وزن خشک برگ تحت تاثیر محلول‌پاشی با عنصر روی حاصل گردید. همچنین در کمر برگ حداکثر وزن تر بوسیله روی و حداکثر وزن خشک تحت تاثیر بور بدست آمد. نهایتا در لچه برگ نیز حداکثر وزن خشک برگ وکیفیت برگ بوسیله پتاسیم حاصل گردید.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Mycorrhiza and Foliar Application of Zinc, Boron, Potassium Elements on Agronomic Characteristics and Quality of Tobacco

نویسندگان [English]

  • Payman Yari
  • Babak Pasari
  • Salar Shaaf
چکیده [English]

 
Abstract
         The effect of mycorrhiza and foliar application of Zinc + Boron + Potassium elements on agronomic characteristics and quality of tobacco was studied at Marivan- Bilo tobacco field during 2014- 2015. The experiment was split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor with two levels of inoculation by mycorrhiza (Glumus interaradices) including control (no inoclution) and inoclution by mycorrhiza and subplots were foliar application of micro and macro elements in 5 levels including control as distilled water, Zinc, Boron, Potassium, Zinc + Boron + Potassium. The results showed that in middle leaf of plant some traits such as leaf fresh and dry weight and in upper leaf, leaf cash were decreased significantly. Mean comparison of lower leaf side were obtained that the maximum value of leaf dry weight were achieved by foliar application of zinc. Also in middle leaf, the maximum values of leaf dry weight were obtained by Boron and also the maximum leaf fresh weight by zinc. Finally in upper leaf, the maximum dry weights and leaf cash were affected by Potassium foliar application.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Foliar Application
  • Macroelement
  • Microelement
  • Mycorrhiza
  • Tobacco
Abo-Ghalia HH, and Khalafallah AA, 2008. Responses of wheat plants associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to short term water stress followed by recovery at three growth stages. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 4(5), 570-580.
-Ali hoseinpor F, Rafii M, and Farnia A, 2012. Study the foliar application of boron on quality and quantity characters of soybean genotype. Crop Physiology Journal, 3(11):33-46. (In Persian).
Allen MF, 1988. Below ground structure: A key to reconstructing a productive arid ecosystem. In: Allen, E. (Ed.), Reconstruction of disturbed arid ecosystems.Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado. 113-135.
Aser Gk, 2008. Biofertilizers improve plant growth, fruit yield, nutrition, metabolism and rhizosphere enzyme activities of pomegranate (punica granatum L.). Bioresource Technology, 97 (6): 98-109.
Aslani-Katoli E, 2012. Study of symbiotic relationship between some range plants and mycorrhizae fungi. M.Sc. thesis, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. 98p
Attia KK, 2004. Response of two peanut varieties to phosphorus fertilization and foliar application of certain micronutrients under sandy calcareous soil conditions. Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 35: 253-267.
Azizi Kh, Norouzian A, Heydar S, and yaghubi M, 2012. The study of effect of zinc and boron foliar application on yield, yield components, seed oil and protein content and growth indices of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in Khorramabad climatic conditions, Journal of Agronomy Science, 4(15): 1-15. (In Persian).
Ayad HS, Reda F, and Abdalla MSA, 2010. Effect of putrescine and zinc on vegetative growth, photosynthetic pigments, lipid peroxidation and essential oil content of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L.). World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 6: 601-608.
Bahmanyar MA, and Soodaee Mashaee S, 2010. Influences of nitrogen and potassium top dressing on yield and yield components as well as their accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.). African Journal of Biotechnology. 9: 18. 2648-2653.
Brito I, Michael J, Goss M, and Carvalho DE, 2008. Agronomic management of indigenous Mycorrhizas. Universidade de Evora, ICAM, Apartado. 94:547-554.
Chen B D, Zhu Y. G, and Smith FA, 2006. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on uranium and arsenic accumulation by Chinese brake fern (Pteris vittata L.) from a uranium mining-impacted soil. Chemosphere. 62: 1464-73.
Cristobal J C, Rodriguez MBH, Beato VM, Rexach J, Gochicoa MTN, Maldonado JM, and Fontes AG, 2008. The expression of several cell wall- related genes in Arabidopsis roots is down-regulated under boron deficiency. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 63(1): 351-358.
Eraslan F, Inal A, Savasturk O, and Gunes A, 2007. Changes in antioxidative system and membrane damage of lettuce in response to salinity and boron toxicity. Scientia Horticulturae. 114: 5-10.
Frankc O, 2010. Conversion of cassava wastes for biofrtilizer production usinsphosphate solubilizing fungi. Bioresource Technology, 101(11):1-13.
Jafarzade R, Jami Moeini M, and Hokmabadi M, 2013. Response of yield and yield components in wheat to soil and foliar application of nano potassium fertilizer. Crop production Research, 5(2): 189-198. (In Persian).
Jose ́-Miguel B, Marı ́a JP, Rosario A, Concepcio ́ N, and Azco ́ N. 2005. Microbial co-operation in the rhizosphere. Experimental Botany, 56 (417): 1761-1778.
Ghazi N, and Al-Karaki M, 1998. Benefit, cost and water-use efficiency of arbuscular mycorrhizal durum wheat grown under drought stress. Mycorrhiza, 8:41–45.
Gholizadeh A GH, Dordipour E, and Mahdavi AR, 2013. Determining the critical level of potassium in the soils of tobacco farms of Golestan and Mazandaran Provinces. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 3(1):215-229. (In Persian).
Guertal EA, 2004. Boron fertilization of bentagrass. Crop Science, 44: 204–208.
Hafeez BA, Khanifa YM, Samsuria AW, Radziaha O, Zakariab W, and Saleem M, 2010. Evaluation of rice genotypes for zinc efficiency under flooded condition. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for an acidic Changing World. 1-6 August 2010, Brisbane, Australia.
Hafeez Y, Khanif M, and Saleem M, 2013. Role of zinc in plant nutrition. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 39(142):304-339.
Hatami H, Aynehband A, Azizi M, Soltani A, and Dadkhah AR, 2010. Effect of potassium fertilizer on growth and yield of soybean cultivars in North Khorasan. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 2(2): 75-90. (In Persian).
Kaya C, Tuna AL, Dikilitas M, and Ashraf M, 2009. Supplementary phosphorous can alleviate boron toxicity in tomato. Scientia Horticulturae. 121: 284-288.
-Mahbubur Rahman KM, Abul Khair Chowdhury MD, Sharmeen F, Sarkar A, Hye MA, and Biswas GCh, 2011. Effect of Zinc and Phosphorus on yield of Oryza sativa (cv. BR-11). Bangeladesh Research.Publication Journal, 5(4): 351-358.
Mahdavi AA, and Golizadeh A A, 2007. Investigation of branch congestion effects and different fertilization levels on quantity and quality particular. Publishing's of Central Tobacco Research Tirtash. Tobacco number 326 K. 30 Pp. (In Persian).
Malakoti M, and Tehrani J, 2006. The role of micronutrient in yield increasing and improving agriculture product quality. Tarbiat modares university publishing. 396 page. (In Persian).
Mobasser H, Mehraban A, Kohkan S, and Moradgholi A, 2012. Mycorrhiza (Glomus mossea) effects on protein percent and agronomic traits of four varieties of corn in the Sistan region. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), 103: 105-114. (In Persian).
Movahedy Dehnavy MSA, Modarres Sanavi M, and Barzegar M, 2010. Effects of withholding irrigation and foliar application of Z and Mn on fatty acid composition and seed oil content in winter safflower. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), 86: 2-10 (In Persian).
Mukhopadhyay M, Ghosh PD, and Mondal TK, 2013. Effect of boron deficiency on photosynthesis and antioxidant responses of young tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) plantlets. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 60:633–639.
Nasef MA, Badran NM, and Abd El-Hamide AF, 2006. Response of peanut to foliar spray with boron and/or rhizobium inoculation. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 2(12): 1330-1337.
Paul A. 2007. Soil Microbiology, Ecology and Biochemistry. 514 p.
Perry TW, Rhykerd CL, Holt DA, and Mayo HH, 2011. Effect of potassium fertilizationon chemical characteristics, yield and nutritive value of corn silage. Journal of Animal science, 34:642-646.
Qi-chun Z, Guang-huo W, Yu-ke F, Peiyuan Q, and Schoenau JJ, 2011. Effect of potassium fertilization on soil potassium pools and rice response in an intensive cropping system in China. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 174: 73-80.
Ramroudi, M, Keikha Jaleh, M, Galavi, M, Seghatoleslami, M J, and Baradran, R, 2011. The effect of various micronutrient foliar applications and irrigation regimes on quantitative and qualitative yields of (Plantago ovata Forsk.). Journal of Agroecology, 3(2): 219-226. (In Persian).
Ravi S, Channal HT, Hebsur NS, Patil BN, and Dharmatti PR, 2008. Effect of sulphur, zinc and iron nutrition on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and quality of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Karnataka Journal of Agriculture Science, 32: 382-385.
Sarker SK, Chowdhury MAH, and Zakir HM, 2002. Sulphur and boron fertilization on yield quality and nutrient uptake by bangladeesh soybean-4. Journal of Biologica Science, 2: 729-733.
Shayanmehr A, Roshdi M, Rezadost S, and Khalili mohaleh H, 2013. The effect of nitrogen and potassium on yield and growing characters of tobacco. Research in Agronomy Sciences Journal. 5 (18): 27-35. (In Persian).
Shokri S, and Maadi B, 2009. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on the mineral nutrition and yield of Trifolium alexandrinum plants under salinity stress. Journal of Agronomy, 8:79-83.
Thalooth AT, Tawfik MM, and Magda Mohammad H, 2006. A compartative study on the effect of foliar application of zinc, potassium, boron and maganesium on growth, yield and some chemical constituents of mungbean plants grown under water stress condition department of field crops research, national research center, dokki, Giza, Egypt.
Verma CK, Prasad K, and Yadav D, 2012. Studies on response of sulphur zinc and boron levels on yield, economics and nutrients uptake of mustard (Brassica napus L.) (Czernj & Cosson). Crop Research, 44(1-2): 75-78.
Yang M, Shi L, Xu FS, Lu JW, and Wang YH, 2009. Effects of B, Mo, Zn and their interactions on seed yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Pedosphere, 19(1): 53-59.
Zamani, P. 2010. Tobacco agronomy and quring. First print. Publishing of Tehran Behandishan. 164 Pp (In Persian).