ارزیابی توانایی رقابت ارقام گندم در برابر علف‌های هرز بر اساس صفات و شاخص‌های مختلف

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی

2 موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج

چکیده

چکیده
          در سیستم­های کشاورزی پایدار و تولید محصول سالم، استفاده از ارقامی با رقابت پذیری بالا  برای مدیریت علف­های هرز، روشی آسان و ارزان محسوب می­شود. از این­رو به­ منظور مطالعه توانایی رقابت 25 رقم گندم با علف­های هرز در شرایط طبیعی و شناسایی و معرفی ارقام گندم متحمل با توانایی رقابت بالا با علف­های هرز برای استفاده در اصلاح ارقام، آزمایشی در سال زارعی 95-1394 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی انجام شد. برای این منظور 25 رقم گندم در شرایط رقابت و عدم رقابت با علف­های هرز کشت شدند. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت کمترین و بیشترین وزن خشک اولیه و درصد پوشش اولیه ارقام گندم به ترتیب بیش از 10 و 7 برابربود. کمترین (3/162 بوته در متر مربع) و بیشترین (3/683 بوته در متر مربع) تراکم علف­های هرز به ترتیب در رقم افق و اروم مشاهده شد. تفاوت کمترین و بیشترین وزن خشک علف­های هرز نیز بیش از 3 برابر بود. نتایح نشان داد که وزن خشک علف­های هرز همبستگی منفی با وزن خشک اولیه (**55/0-=2R) و درصد پوشش اولیه (**70/0-=2R) ارقام گندم داشت. افت عملکرد ارقام گندم در شرایط رقابت با علف­های هرز بین 22/3 درصد در رقم سیوند تا 98/68 درصد در رقم شیراز بود که ارتباط نزدیکی با وزن خشک علف­های هرز داشت. ارقامی که شاخص تحمل و رقابت بالایی داشتند، افت عملکرد کمتری نشان دادند. یافته­های این تحقیق نشان داد که ارقام گندم از توانایی رقابت و تحمل متفاوتی در برابر علف­های هرز برخوردارند که از این خصوصیت می­توان در مدیریت غیرشیمیایی علف­های هرز استفاده نمود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Wheat Cultivars Competitiveness Against Weeds Based on Different Traits and Indices

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Reza Mohammaddoust Chamanabad 1
  • Seadeh Maryam Mozafari 1
  • Hamid Reza Nikkheh 2
چکیده [English]

Abstract
        In sustainable agricultural systems and healthy crop production, using of high-competitiveness cultivars is an easy and inexpensive method for weed management. Therefore, in order to study of competitive ability of 25 wheat varieties against weeds and identification and introduction of wheat cultivars with high competitiveness to use in crop breeding, an experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design with three replications in natural conditions in the university of Mohaghegh Ardabili field. The results showed that there was a difference more than 10 and 7 times between the lowest and the highest initial dry weight and the initial cover of wheat cultivars, respectively. The lowest (162.3 plant.m-2) and the highest (683.3 plant.m-2) weed density were observed in Ofogh and Orum cultivars, respectively. The difference between the lowest and the highest weed dry weight was more than 3 times. The results showed that weed dry weight had a negative correlation with the initial wheat dry weight (R2= -0.55**) and the initial wheat cover (R2= -0.70**). In competition with weeds, yield loss of wheat cultivars was between 3.22% in Sivand cultivar to 68.98% in Shiraz cultivar, which had a close relationship with weed dry weight. Cultivars showing high tolerance and competition index showed lower yield loss. This finding showed that wheat cultivars have a difference in CI (competitive ability) and WITI (weed interference tolerance index) and this feature can be used for non-chemical weed management programs.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Competitive Ability
  • Early Growth Traits
  • Sustainable Agriculture
  • Wheat Cultivars
  • Weed Management
  • Yield Loss
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