ارزیابی رقابت و سودمندی کشت مخلوط جو (Hordeum vulgare L.) و نخود علوفه‌ای (.Pisum sativum L) در شرایط دیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه

2 گروه آگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه

3 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه

چکیده

چکیده
     به‌منظور بررسی سودمندی کشت مخلوط جو با نخود علوفه‌ای در شرایط دیم، آزمایشی بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی  با سه تکرار در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه در سال زراعی 1394 اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل کشت خالص جو، کشت خالص نخود علوفه‌ای با تراکم‌های 100، 150، 200، 250 و 300 بوته در متر، کشت مخلوط 75 درصد جو+ 25 درصد نخود علوفه­ای (با تراکم‌های ذکر شده)، 50 درصد جو+50 درصد نخود علوفه­ای (با تراکم‌های ذکر شده) و 25 درصد جو+ 75 درصد نخود علوفه­ای (با تراکم‌های ذکر شده) بودند. نتایج نشان داد عملکرد علوفه خشک نخود علوفه‌ای و جو تحت تأثیر معنی­دار الگوهای کشت قرار گرفتند. بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد علوفه خشک جو در تیمارهای کشت خالص جو (02/352 گرم در متر مربع) و 25 درصد جو+ 75 درصد نخود علوفه­ای با تراکم 300 بوته در متر مربع (7/103  گرم در متر مربع) بدست آمد. همچنین، بیشترین عملکرد علوفه خشک نخود علوفه‌ای نیز در کشت خالص نخود با تراکم 300 بوته در متر مربع (75/93 گرم در متر مربع) حاصل شد. بیشترین نسبت برابری زمین (25/1) و نسبت برابری زمین استاندارد (11/1) در نسبت 25 درصد جو+ 75 درصد نخود علوفه‌ای با تراکم‌های 100 و 300 بوته در متر مربع بدست آمد. از لحاظ شاخص‌های رقابتی، در اکثر تیمارها نسبت رقابت و غالبیت نخود علوفه‌ای کمتر از جو بود که نشان‌دهنده توانایی رقابتی بیشتر و غالبیت جو نسبت به نخود علوفه­ای می‌باشد. مثبت بودن شاخص‌های سودمندی اقتصادی (IA)، بهره‌وری سیستم (SPI) و افت واقعی عملکرد (AYL) در همه الگوهای کشت بیانگر تأثیر مفید گیاهان بر روی همدیگر و سودمندی کشت مخلوط آن‌ها در شرایط دیم می‌باشد.
 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Competition and Advantage in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Forage Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Intercropping under Rainfed Condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abdollah Javanmard 1
  • Mostafa Amani Machiani 2
  • Seyyed Bahman Mousavi 3
چکیده [English]

 
Abstract
     In order to evaluate of barley and forage pea intercropping in rainfed condition, an experminet was conducted as randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications at University of Maragheh, Iran in 2015. Treatments included sole cropping of forage pea with densities of 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 plants.m-2, sole cropping of barley, 75% barley+ 25% forage pea (with mentioned densities), 50% barley+ 50% forage pea (with mentioned densities) and 25% barley+ 75% forage pea (with mentioned densities). The results domenstrated that dry forage yield of barley and pea were affected significantly by difeerent planting patterns. The highest and lowest dry forage yield of barley was obtained in sole cropping of barley (352.02 g.m-2) and 25% barley+ 75% forage pea with 300 plant.m-2 (103.7 g.m-2), respectively. Also, the highest dry forage yield of forage pea was obtained in pea sole cropping with density of 300 plant.m-2 (93.75 g.m-2). The highest land equivalent ratio (1.25) and standard land equivalent ratio (1.11) was obtained in 25% barley+ 75% forage pea with densities of 300 and 100 plant.m-2, respectively. In terms of competitive indices, in most tretaments the aggressivity and crowding coefficient values of pea were lower than of barley, indicating that barley was more competitive and dominant than forage pea. Positivity of intercropping advantages (IA), system productivity index (SPI) and actual yield loss (AYL) values in all cropping patterns indicate the useful effect of plants on each other and intercropping efficiency of plants under rainfed conditions.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Competitive Ratio
  • Forage Yield
  • Intercropping
  • Land Equivalent Ratio
  • System Productivity Index
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