ارزیابی برخی شاخص‌های پایداری در کشت و صنعت‌های استان خوزستان با روش تصمیم‌گیری چند معیاره (مطالعه موردی: تولید ذرت، گندم و نیشکر)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مهندسی مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

2 مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

در ارزیابی پایداری کشاورزی، باید جنبه­های مختلف زیست محیطی‌، اقتصادی و اجتماعی در نظر گرفته شوند. هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی برخی شاخص‌ها و مقایسه پایداری تولید گندم، ذرت و نیشکر در کشت و صنعت‌های استان خوزستان بود. داده‌ها از کشت و صنعت شهید رجایی و دعبل خزاعی به روش مصاحبه حضوری و استفاده از داده‌های ثبت شده در دفاتر کشت و صنعت‌های مورد بررسی، جمع‌آوری گردید. شاخص‌های انرژی، خطر آلودگی کودهای شیمیایی و سموم کشاورزی، اثرات ماشین‌ها بر فشردگی خاک، خطر آلودگی هوا، هزینه‌های اجتماعی آن و اشتغال‌زایی جهت مقایسه و ارزیابی پایداری مزارع، استفاده شدند. جهت تلفیق و ارزیابی همه جانبه شاخص‌ها و رتبه‌بندی مزارع از روشهای چند معیاره تاپسیس و وزن‌دهی آنتروپی استفاده شد. هر چند این شاخص­ها و روش چند معیاره به طور کامل، پایداری مزارع را نشان نمی­دهند ولی برای مقایسه­ی پایداری بین مزارع و بهبود پایداری آن­­ها مؤثر می‌باشند. نتایج نشان داد که اشتغال‌زایی، فشردگی خاک، خطرات کود نیتروژن، آلودگی هوا و انرژی در میان شاخص‌های مورد بررسی به ترتیب، بیشترین تأثیر را در پایداری مزارع مورد بررسی دارند. در مزارع گندم، به جز اشتغال‌زایی، سایر شاخص‌ها دارای شرایط بهتری بودند. خطر فشردگی خاک در اثر تردد ماشین‌های کشاورزی در مزارع نیشکر زیاد بوده و به یکی از مشکلات اساسی آن تبدیل شده است ولی از نظر اشتغال‌زایی در شرایط بهتریست. آنالیز حساسیت نشان داد، پایداری مزارع مورد مقایسه نسبت به اشتغال‌زایی بسیار حساس می‌باشد بطوریکه با کاهش 39/25 درصد در وزن شاخص اشتغال‌زایی، تولید نیشکر از رتبه اول به رتبه آخر انتقال می‌یابد.
 


 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Some Sustainability Indices in Khuzestan, Agro-Industries Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making Case Study: Maize, Wheat and Sugarcane

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shahla Hardani 1
  • Mohamad Javad SheikhDavoodi 2
  • Abbas Asakereh 2
چکیده [English]

In assessment of agricultural sustainability, all environmental, economic, social and technical aspects must be taken into account. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the sustainability of wheat, corn and sugarcane production in Khuzestan agro-industries. Data were collected from Shahid Rajaie and Debel khazai agro-industries. Indicators such as energy, the risk of chemical fertilizers and biocide pollution, the risk of soil compaction due to machines, air pollution, and employment were used to compare and evaluate the sustainability of farms. For integrated and comprehensive assessment of indicators and farms ranking, the TOPSIS methods were used. Although these indicators and multi-criteria methods did not show a complete overview of sustainability farms, but they were effective in comparing the sustainability of farms and improving their sustainability. The results showed that employment, the risk of soil compaction and nitrogen fertilizer, air pollution and energy indicators had the most important role in the sustainability of farms, respectively. In the wheat farms, except for employment, other indices were better than other farms. The risk of soil compaction due to agricultural machinery in sugarcane farms had been high and had become one of the main problems of these farms .On the other hand, employment in the sugarcane production per hectare was much higher than the production of wheat and corn. The sensitivity analysis showed that the sustainability of farms was very sensitive to the employment, so with a reduction of 25.39% in weight of employment indicator, sugarcane farms were ranked the last.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agriculture
  • Environment
  • MCDM
  • Sustainable Indices
  • TOPSIS
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