تأثیر دورهای مختلف آبیاری بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب ارقام گوجه‌فرنگی گلخانه‌ای در منطقه جیرفت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

2 گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور

چکیده

 به منظور ارزیابی اثر دورهای مختلف آبیاری بر عملکرد، کارایی مصرف آب و اجزای عملکرد گوجه‌فرنگی، آزمایشی بصورت کرت­های خرد شده و در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شهرستان جیرفت طی دو سال زراعی (1394 و 1395) اجرا گردید. در این تحقیق سه رقم گوجه‌فرنگی (نورا =1V، فالکاتو =2V و تیتائو =3V) به عنوان عامل اصلی و سه دور آبیاری بر اساس سطوح 10=1I، 15=2I و 20=3I میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشت تبخیر به عنوان عامل فرعی مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد شاخص‌های عملکرد، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد میوه در بوته، وزن و قطر میوه در دور آبیاری بر اساس 15 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشت تبخیر در مقایسه با دور آبیاری بر اساس 10 میلی‌متر، به‌ترتیب 4/7، 6/8، 8/2، 2/7 و 5/9 درصد کاهش داشت. این در حالی است که صرفه‌جویی 970 متر مکعب آب در هکتار و افزایش 4/12 درصدی کارایی مصرف آب در دور آبیاری بر اساس 15 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشت تبخیر نسبت به دور آبیاری بر اساس 10 میلی‌متر حاصل شد. از طرف دیگر بررسی شاخص‌های مذکور نشان دهنده برتری رقم فالکاتو نسبت به دو رقم دیگر بود. همچنین اعمال دور آبیاری بر اساس 15 میلی‌متر تبخیر بر رقم فالکاتو دارای بهترین جایگاه آماری در صفت کارایی مصرف آب بین سایر تیمارها بود. لذا جهت افزایش بهره‌وری آب و استفاده بهینه از منابع آبی، کشت رقم فالکاتو با حداقل 40 نوبت آبیاری به فواصل 4 روزه و در هر نوبت 100 مترمکعب آب در هکتار در گلخانه‌های شهرستان جیرفت پیشنهاد می‌گردد.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Irrigation Intervals on Yield, Yield Components and Water Use Efficiency of Different Greenhouse Cultivars of Tomato in Jiroft Region

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rasoul Asadi 1
  • Elham Mehrabi 2
چکیده [English]


       In order to investigate the effect of irrigation intervals on yield, water use efficiency and yield components of tomatoes, a field experiment was carried out during 2015 and 2016 growing seasons in experimental farm in Jiroft. The treatments were laid out as split plot based on Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The treatments were comprised of three cultivars of tomato (Norat Falkato and Titauo) in main plot and sub plot consisted of three irrigation levels (10±2, 15±2 and 20±2 mm evaporation for class A pan). The results showed that in comparison to 10 and 15 mm evaporation for class A pan, parsimony of water usage equal 970 m3.ha-1 achieved. Moreover yield, height of plants, number of fruits per plant, weight and diameter of fruit decreased 7.4, 8.6, 2.8, 7.2 and 9.5 percent, respectively, But water use efficiency increased 12.4 percent. On the other hand studied parameters of Falkato variety was better than the other cultivars. Also, planting Falkato variety and 15 mm evaporation for class A pan was in the best position in terms of water use efficiency. In order to increase water productivity and optimal use of water resources, it is suggested cultivation Falkato variety with 40 irrigation, at 4 days interval and 100 cubic meters of water in of greenhouse condition.
       In order to investigate the effect of irrigation intervals on yield, water use efficiency and yield components of tomatoes, a field experiment was carried out during 2015 and 2016 growing seasons in experimental farm in Jiroft. The treatments were laid out as split plot based on Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The treatments were comprised of three cultivars of tomato (Norat Falkato and Titauo) in main plot and sub plot consisted of three irrigation levels (10±2, 15±2 and 20±2 mm evaporation for class A pan). The results showed that in comparison to 10 and 15 mm evaporation for class A pan, parsimony of water usage equal 970 m3.ha-1 achieved. Moreover yield, height of plants, number of fruits per plant, weight and diameter of fruit decreased 7.4, 8.6, 2.8, 7.2 and 9.5 percent, respectively, But water use efficiency increased 12.4 percent. On the other hand studied parameters of Falkato variety was better than the other cultivars. Also, planting Falkato variety and 15 mm evaporation for class A pan was in the best position in terms of water use efficiency. In order to increase water productivity and optimal use of water resources, it is suggested cultivation Falkato variety with 40 irrigation, at 4 days interval and 100 cubic meters of water in of greenhouse condition.
 
Keywords: Drip Irrigation, Different Varieties, Evaporation Pan, Tomato, Water Use Efficiency

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drip Irrigation
  • Different Varieties
  • Evaporation Pan
  • Tomato
  • Water Use Efficiency

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 28، شماره 3
مهر 1397
صفحه 125-137

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