اثر قارچ میکوریزا، باکتری های محرک رشد و کود شیمیایی بر عملکرد و میزان اسانس بذر شوید (.Anethum graveolens L)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

         به منظور بررسی اثر قارچ میکوریزا و باکتری‌های محرک رشد در مقایسه با کود شیمیایی، بر رشد، عملکرد ومیزان اسانس گیاه دارویی شوید، آزمایشی در سال­ 95-1394 در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 5 تیمار و 4 تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی گروه علوم باغبانی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل تلقیح دو گونه باکتری محرک رشد (انتروباکتر کلوآسه R13، انتروباکتر کلوآسه R33)، قارچ میکوریزا به صورت مخلوط سه گونهRhizophagus irregularis، Funneliformis mosseae ، Claroideoglomus etunicatum، کودشیمیایی و شاهد (بدون کود) بود. شاخص‌هایی مانند صفات رویشی و عملکرد، نیتروزن و فسفر برگ، درصد همزیستی میکوریزا، درصد اسانس بذر شوید بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که تیمارهای آزمایش تاثیر مثبت و افزایشی داشتند. بیشترین وزن خشک بخش هوایی در تیمار کود شیمیایی (40 گرم)، حاصل شد اما با تیمار قارچ میکوریزا و انتروباکترR13 تفاوت
معنی­داری نداشت. بیشترین تعداد برگ (12 عدد) و ارتفاع( 145 سانتی متر) در تیمار انتروباکتر R13 حاصل شد. در شاخص عملکرد تولید دانه تیمارهای کودی تاثیر مثبت و افزایشی داشتند. بیشترین میزان فسفر برگ در تیمار قارچ میکوریزا (4/0درصد) و کمترین در تیمار شاهد (1/0درصد) مشاهده شد. بیشترین میزان نیتروژن برگ در تیمار انتروباکترR13 (3درصد) و R33 مشاهده شد. همچنین تیمار انتروباکتر R13 بیشترین میزان اسانس (42/1درصد) را داشت. به طور کلی در بین تیمارها، باکتری انتروباکترکلوآسهR13و پس از آن انتروباکترکلوآسه R33، بیشترین اثر را بر افزایش شاخص های مورد بررسی نشان دادند. با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش، استفاده از تیمارهای تلقیح باکتریایی جهت افزایش عملکرد کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی شوید توصیه می­گردد.
 

 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Mycorrhizal Fungi, PGPRs and Chemical Fertilizer on Yield and Essential Oil Content of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) Seed

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zeinab Chegeni 1
  • Maryam Zolfaghari 2
  • Farideh Sedighi Dehkordi 2
  • Mohammad Mahmoodi Sourestani 2
چکیده [English]

Anethum graveolens L. commonly known as Dill, is an annual medicinal plant.Dill seeds are widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. In order to investigate the effect of AMF and two plant growth promoting rhizobactria native to Ahvaz soil, on growth and flowering of Anethum graveolens L., this experiment was done based on randomized complete block design with five treatment and four replications, during the 2015-2016 in the farm of agriculture college of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The PGPRs were Entrobacter cloace R13, Entrobacter cloace R33, the Mycorrhiza was mix of three species (Glomuse mosseae, G. intraradices, G. etunicatum) that compare with chemical fertilizers (NPK) and control (no fertilizer). The result of this experiment showed significant difference in treatment (p≤0.01). Mean comparison of treatment effects showed that E. closea R13had significant effect on most of parameters. The most increase in flower number, capitol fresh weight, capitol diameter, leaf number, stem branches, had happened in this treatment, that it has no significant difference in most parameters with E.closea R33. Also the best result in leaf phosphorus and nitrogen content, leaf chlorophyll and carotenoids content, was obtained by PGPRs. Dill plant inoculated with E. closea R13 showed better growth and yield compare to control and chemical, but was not as weel as E. closea . The PGPRs in comparison with chemical fertilizers, had positive effects on Dill plant and increased the growth parameters and yield, and could be replace with chemical fertilizers.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chemical
  • Dill
  • Entrobacter cloace
  • Essential Oil
  • Mycorrhiza
Abdou  MAH, El-Sayed AA, Badran FS and El- Deen RMS. 2004. Effect of planting density and chemical and biofertilization on vegetative growth, yield and chemical composition of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller): I- Effect of planting density and some chemical (Nofatrein) and biochemical (Biogen) fertilizers. Annals of Agricultural Science, 42(4): 1907-1922.
Ashraf M, Ali Q, Raha ES. 2005. The effect of applied nitrogen on the growth and nutrient concentration of Kalonji (Nigella sativa). Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 45(4): 459-463.
Bahramikia S and Yazdanparast R. 2008. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of different fractions of Anethum graveolens leaves using in vitro models. Pharmacology online, 2, pp.233-219.
Chapman HD and Pratt PF. 1961. Methods of analysis for soils, plants and waters. University of California. Division of Agricultural Sciences.
Fatma EM, El-Zamik I, Tomader T, El-Hadidy HI, Abd El-Fattah L and Seham Salem H, 2006. Efficiency of biofertilizers, organic and in organic amendments application on growth and essential oil of marjoram (Majorana hortensis L.) plants grown in sandy and calcareous .Agriculture Microbiology Deptartment Faculty of Agriculture. Zagazig University and Soil Fertility and Microbiology Dept., Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
Ghasemi M. 2002. Healing properties of fruits and vegetables. Tihoo publication. 104 p. (In Persian).
Ghazi A, Nehad A and Yahia-Othman. 2007. Application of mycorrhizae fungi to improve drought tolerance in two onion cultivars. African Crop Science Society, 8: 1-5.
Gupta MLA, Prasad MR and Kumar S. 2002. Effect of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus fasiculatum on the essential oil yield related characters and nutrient acquisition in the crops of different cultivars of menthol mint (Mentha arvensis) under field conditions. Bioresource Technology, 81: 77-79.
Hajibolandi R, Barzegar R and Asgharzadeh NA. 2005. Studying the effect of mycorrhiza on root morphology and rhizosphere's pH in rice with rizobox system. The Proceeding of 9th Iranian Soil Science Congress, Tehran, 28-31 August. (In Persian).
Hosseini N and Tavakolli Dinani A. 2009. Assess the efficiency of inputs in the culture of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) medicinal plant in Roodehen region. Journal of Herbal Drugs, 57-62. (In Persian).
Ishizuka J. 1992. Trends in biological nitrogen fixation research and application. Plant and Soil, 141:197-209.
Kapoor R, Giri B and Mukerji KJ. 2002. Mycorrhization of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) to enhance the concentration and quality of essential oil. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 82 (4): 339- 342.
Kristek S, Kristek A and Pavlovic H. 2005. The influence of mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus sp.) on field pea plant survival and growth in drought caused stress conditions. Plant soil and environment, 51(9):385.
Lichtenthaler HK and Wellburn AR. 1983. Determinations of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents. Biochemical Society Transactions, 11: 591 – 592.
Malavolta E, Vitti GC, Oliveira SA. 1997. Avaliacão do estado nutricional das planta: princípios e aplicacões, 2 ed. Potafos, Piracicaba, p. 319.
Makkizadeh M, Chaichi M, Nasrollahzadeh S, Khavazi K. 2011. The Effect of Biologic and Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Essential Oil Constituents of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.). Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 21(4): 91-100.(In Persian).
Manaffee WF and Kloepper JW. 1994. Applications of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in sustainable agriculture: 23-31. In: Pankhurst, C. E., Double, B. M., Gupta, V. V. S. R. and Grace, P. R. (Eds.). Soil biota management insustainable farming systems. CSiRO, Australia, 262p.
Omidbaigi R..2001. Production and processing of medicinal plants. 3rd ed. Mashhad: Astan Quds Razavi Pub. (In Persian).
Porcel R, Ruiz-lozano JM, 2004. Arbuscular mycorrhiza influence on leaf water potential, soluteaccumulation,and oxidative stress in soybean plants subjected to drought stress. Journal of experimental botany 55, 1743-1750.
Qazi MA, Akram M, Ahmad N, Artiola J and Tuller M. 2009.Economical and environmental implications of solid waste compost applications to agricultural fields in Punjab, Pakistan. Waste Management, 29(9): 2437-2445.
Rezvani Moghaddam P and Moradi R. 2012. Assessment of planting date, biological fertilizer and intercropping on yield and essential oil of cumin and fenugreek. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Sciences 2: 217-230. (In Persian).
Sharaf-Eldin MA, Elkholy S, Fernández JA, Junge H, Cheetham RD, Guardiola JL. and Weathers PJ. 2008. The effect of Bacillus subtilis FZB24 on flowers quantity and quality of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Planta Medica, 74 (10): 1316-1320.
Sturz AV and Christie BR. 2003. Beneficial microbial allelopathies in the root zone: management of soil quality and plant disease with rhizobacteria. Soil and Tillage Research, 72:107-123.
Tilak K, Ranganayaki KK, Pal R, De A, Saxena C, Shekhar N, Shilpi A, Tripathi JK and Johri B. 2005. Diversity of plant growth and soil health supporting bacteria. Current Science. 89: 136-150.
Warcup JH. 1971. Specificity of mycorrhizal association in some Australian terrestrial orchids. New Phytologist, 70:41-46.
Weisany W, Raei Y, Zehtab Salmasi S, Sohrabi Y. 2016. Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi on Yield and Yield Components of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) in Mono and Intercropping System. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 26(3): 1-19.
 (In Persian).
Wu SC, Cao ZH, Li ZG, Cheung KC and Wong MH. 2005. Effects of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P and K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth: a greenhouse trial. Geoderma, 125(1), pp.155-166.
Zolfaghari M, Nazeri V, Sefidkon F and Rejali F. 2012. The effect of different species of AMF on growth parameter and essential oil content of Ocimum basilicam. Plant Production. 34 (4). 47-56. (In Persian).