اثر خاکپوش زنده بر عملکرد دانه، اجزای عملکرد و برخی ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیکی ارقام آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، پردیس کشاورزی ومنابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه

چکیده

به منظور ارزیابی تأثیر کشت شنبلیله به عنوان خاکپوش زنده بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و برخی ویژگی­های مورفولوژیکی آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.)، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه در سال زراعی 96-1395 اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل کشت شنبلیله به عنوان خاکپوش زنده در چهار سطح شاهد (بدون خاکپوش)، کشت شنبلیله پانزده روز قبل از کشت، همزمان با کشت و پانزده روز بعد از کشت آفتابگردان و سه رقم آفتابگردان فرخ، پروگرس و لاکومکا بود. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از شنبلیله به عنوان خاکپوش زنده اثر معنی­داری بر صفات قطر طبق، تعداد طبق در بوته، ارتفاع بوته، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیکی داشت و بیشترین قطر طبق (2/20 سانتی­متر)، تعداد طبق در بوته (04/2)، عملکرد دانه (3834 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد بیولوژیکی (14150 کیلوگرم در هکتار) با کشت همزمان خاکپوش زنده با آفتابگردان به دست آمد. کشت همزمان شنبلیله با آفتابگردان عملکرد دانه را در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد 39 درصد افزایش داد، در حالی­که کشت شنبلیله پانزده روز قبل از کشت آفتابگردان باعث کاهش 2 درصدی عملکرد دانه در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد شد. در بین ارقام مورد ارزیابی بیشترین عملکرد دانه (3426 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به رقم لاکومکا اختصاص یافت. با توجه به اثر تاریخ کاشت شنبلیله روی صفات آفتابگردان و پاسخ های متفاوت ارقام مورد مطالعه، به طورکلی کشت همزمان شنبلیله با رقم لاکومکا بیشترین عملکرد را در شرایط آب و هوایی محل آزمایش به همراه داشت.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Living Mulch on Grain Yield, Yield Components and Some Morphological Traits of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bita Abassi
  • Gholamreza Mohammad
  • Alireza Bagheri
چکیده [English]

The effect of fenugreek as living mulch on Grain yield, yield components and some morphological traits of sunflower, were evaluated by factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University during the 2016-2017 growing season. Treatments were sowing of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) as living mulch in four levels of control (without living mulch), 15 days before sowing, simultaneous sowing and 15 days after sowing of sunflower and three cultivars of sunflower (Farokh, Progress and Lakomka). The result showed that head diameter, number of head per plant, plant height, grain and biological yields of sunflower varieties were significantly affected by living mulch treatments. The highest head diameter (20.2 cm), number of head per plant (2.04), grain (3834 kg.ha-1) and biological yield (14150 kg.ha-1) were obtained by simultaneous sowing of fenugreek with sunflower. The simultaneous sowing of fenugreek with sunflower increased grain yield by 39% compared with control, while sowing fenugreek 15 days before sowing of sunflower reduced the grain yield by 2% compared to the control. Among sunflower cultivars, the highest grain yield (3426 kg.ha-1) was achieved by Lakomka cultivar. Genarally, the results showed that selection of suitable cultivar and sowing date of living mulch could improve the sunflower yield. Regarding the effect of fenugreek sowing date on sunflower traits and the different responses of cultivars studied, simultaneous sowing of fenugreek with sunflower Lakomka had the highest grain yield in experimental climatic conditions.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fenugreek
  • Head Diameter
  • Living Mulch
  • Number of Head
  • Sunflower
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