University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 36 1 2026 04 20 Effect of Reduced Rates of herbicide of haloxyfop-r-methyl (gallant super) and bentazon integrated with Mulch in Weed Management of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Effect of Reduced Rates of herbicide of haloxyfop-r-methyl (gallant super) and bentazon integrated with Mulch in Weed Management of Phaseolus vulgaris L. 197 120 21404 10.22034/saps.2024.58515.3119 FA Jalil Shafagh university of Tabriz Moharram Kouhi-Soumaeh Graduated from Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Crop Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran. Mohsen Sabzi Nojadeh University of Tabriz Mina Amani Student Journal Article 2023 09 19 <strong>Background & Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of integrated management treatments on the density and biomass of weeds, to investigate the effect of integrated management treatments on the growth characteristics and yield of pinto beans and to evaluate the effectiveness of canola and wheat stubble mulch in weed control and its replacement with herbicides.<br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Materials & Methods: </strong>In order to provide a practical method in the sustainable management of weeds for environmental health and cost reduction in pinto beans (<em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em> L.), an experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in a field located around It was implemented in the city of Ahar.<strong> </strong>In this study, the experimental treatments include the combination of different amounts of herbicide and stubble mulch in 15 treatments.<br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that manual weeding increased the biological yield, straw and stubble yield, the number of seeds per plant, pod weight per plant, seed weight per plant, height and diameter of the plant, and the maximum number of seeds. Plastic mulch treatment had a significant effect on 100 seed weight, harvest index and number of days to germination, and also the highest number of sub-branches and the highest number of pods were obtained in the treatments of hand weeding and wheat mulch with Haloxyfop herbicide and hand weeding with Haloxyfop herbicide, respectively.<br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the obtained results, it can be said that manual weeding treatment, wheat mulch and stubble as well as plastic mulch treatment had the greatest effect on weeds and bean plant yield. Therefore, according to the results, in order to prevent environmental pollution and the effects of the misuse of herbicides, it is possible to recommend the use of mulch to control weeds.<br />  <strong>Background & Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of integrated management treatments on the density and biomass of weeds, to investigate the effect of integrated management treatments on the growth characteristics and yield of pinto beans and to evaluate the effectiveness of canola and wheat stubble mulch in weed control and its replacement with herbicides.<br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Materials & Methods: </strong>In order to provide a practical method in the sustainable management of weeds for environmental health and cost reduction in pinto beans (<em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em> L.), an experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in a field located around It was implemented in the city of Ahar.<strong> </strong>In this study, the experimental treatments include the combination of different amounts of herbicide and stubble mulch in 15 treatments.<br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that manual weeding increased the biological yield, straw and stubble yield, the number of seeds per plant, pod weight per plant, seed weight per plant, height and diameter of the plant, and the maximum number of seeds. Plastic mulch treatment had a significant effect on 100 seed weight, harvest index and number of days to germination, and also the highest number of sub-branches and the highest number of pods were obtained in the treatments of hand weeding and wheat mulch with Haloxyfop herbicide and hand weeding with Haloxyfop herbicide, respectively.<br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the obtained results, it can be said that manual weeding treatment, wheat mulch and stubble as well as plastic mulch treatment had the greatest effect on weeds and bean plant yield. Therefore, according to the results, in order to prevent environmental pollution and the effects of the misuse of herbicides, it is possible to recommend the use of mulch to control weeds.<br />  https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21404_301c41e94e0b89ffc3fa2ad1303c9779.pdf