University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 36 1 2026 04 20 Investigating the effect of ethanolic extracts of plant species on germination, and growth traits of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in laboratory and greenhouse conditions Investigating the effect of ethanolic extracts of plant species on germination, and growth traits of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in laboratory and greenhouse conditions 227 242 21405 10.22034/saps.2024.62786.3265 FA Bita Abassi university kermanshah Alireza Bagheri Department of Agronomy and plant breeding, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran Gholamreza Mohammadi Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University Kermanshah, Iran Mahshid Rahimifard Medicinal Plants and by Products Department، , Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands,, Tehran,,iran Journal Article 2024 08 10 <strong>Background and Objectives: </strong>This study was conducted to explore the use of plant extracts with allelopathy properties as natural herbicides and alternatives to chemical pesticides, aligning with environmentally friendly management practices.<br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Material & Methods: </strong>The experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design in the laboratory and educational greenhouse of Razi University of Kermanshah in 2022. In laboratory studies, ethanol extracts of papaver fruit, harmel seed, fenugreek seed, artichoke leaf and fruit, peanut and camelina leaves, juglans skin and pomegranate skin in concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/l and distilled water (negative control) and the herbicide triflorin (positive control) were the experimental treatments. In the greenhouse experiment, extracts of artichoke, pomegranate, peanut and papaver plants at concentrations of 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/l and distilled water (negative control) and the herbicide glyphosate (positive control) were foliar sprayed on wild oat weeds.<br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Results:</strong> In laboratory conditions, the lowest seedling survival and highest inhibition of seed germination wild oat were obtained by application artichoke and papaver extracts at concentrations of 75 and 100 g/L. In a greenhouse experiment with foliar spray of artichoke and papaver extracts, the highest percentage of growth inhibition and the lowest growth and photosynthetic traits of wild oats were observed. In addition, the extract concentration of 100 g/L reduced plant height, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, seedling fresh weight and seedling dry weight, chlorophyll index, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic efficiency and quantum efficiency of photosystem II of the wild oat plant at the rate of 16.80, 22.16, 58.33, 64.86, 36.55, 33.82, 74.81, 80.16, 81.24 and 28.24% compared to distilled water, respectively.<br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Since artichoke and papaver extracts in concentrations of 100 and 75 g/l were higher potential in inhibiting the growth of wild oat weed. Therefore, their application can be recommended as a natural herbicide for wild oat control. <strong>Background and Objectives: </strong>This study was conducted to explore the use of plant extracts with allelopathy properties as natural herbicides and alternatives to chemical pesticides, aligning with environmentally friendly management practices.<br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Material & Methods: </strong>The experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design in the laboratory and educational greenhouse of Razi University of Kermanshah in 2022. In laboratory studies, ethanol extracts of papaver fruit, harmel seed, fenugreek seed, artichoke leaf and fruit, peanut and camelina leaves, juglans skin and pomegranate skin in concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/l and distilled water (negative control) and the herbicide triflorin (positive control) were the experimental treatments. In the greenhouse experiment, extracts of artichoke, pomegranate, peanut and papaver plants at concentrations of 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/l and distilled water (negative control) and the herbicide glyphosate (positive control) were foliar sprayed on wild oat weeds.<br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Results:</strong> In laboratory conditions, the lowest seedling survival and highest inhibition of seed germination wild oat were obtained by application artichoke and papaver extracts at concentrations of 75 and 100 g/L. In a greenhouse experiment with foliar spray of artichoke and papaver extracts, the highest percentage of growth inhibition and the lowest growth and photosynthetic traits of wild oats were observed. In addition, the extract concentration of 100 g/L reduced plant height, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, seedling fresh weight and seedling dry weight, chlorophyll index, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic efficiency and quantum efficiency of photosystem II of the wild oat plant at the rate of 16.80, 22.16, 58.33, 64.86, 36.55, 33.82, 74.81, 80.16, 81.24 and 28.24% compared to distilled water, respectively.<br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Since artichoke and papaver extracts in concentrations of 100 and 75 g/l were higher potential in inhibiting the growth of wild oat weed. Therefore, their application can be recommended as a natural herbicide for wild oat control. https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21405_3520f766864cb551f42f9390a84a92fb.pdf