University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 36 1 2026 04 20 Advantages of millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) and soybean (max Glycine) strip intercropping under weed-free and weed-infested conditions. Advantages of millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) and soybean (max Glycine) strip intercropping under weed-free and weed-infested conditions. 257 273 21406 10.22034/saps.2025.63168.3279 FA Goudarz Ahmadvand Department of Crop Production and Genetics,, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, I.R. Iran Behzad Sharib PhD Student , Department of Crop Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University Adel Dabbaq Mohammadi Nasab prof. Tabriz University Journal Article 2024 09 15 <strong>Background and Objectives:</strong> The purpose of this research was millet and soybean yield evaluation in monoculture and strip intercropping under weed-free and weed-infested conditions.<br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Split-plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2021 and 2022. The main plots included weed-free and weed-infested treatments, and the subplots included six different patterns of millet (M) and soybean (S) strip intercropping, sole cropping of millet and sole cropping of soybean. Millet and soybean seed yield traits and LER, AYL, K, IA, CAI indices were investigated.<br /> <br /><strong>Results:</strong> The results of variance analysis showed that the effect of weed-infested, cropping system and interaction on grain yield of millet (p< 0.01) and soybean (p< 0.01) were significant. The highest grain yield of millet (1134/83 kg/ha) and soybean (1832/83 kg/ha) was obtained in the weed-free sole cropping treatment, and the lowest one in millet (355/16 kg/ha) was observed in the 2M2S intercropping weed-infested treatment and in soybean (440/22 kg/ha) was observed in the 2S4M intercropping under weed-infested treatment. The highest LER in the 2M4S intercropping under weed-infested condition was 1.85 in the average of two years. The maximum CAI in the average data of two years related to 2M4S intercropping in weed-free treatment. Also, the maximum IA was related to 2M4S intercropping in weed-infested condition.<br /> <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> LER and CAI was greater than 1 in all intercropping patterns, which indicates the superiority of millet and soybean intercropping, compared to their sole cropping. The positive value of IA and AYL in all intercropping patterns indicated the beneficial effect of plants on each other and the advantage of their intercropping in weed-free and weed-infested conditions. 2M4S intercropping in weed-infested treatment increased millet and soybean grain yield per occupied area by 20% and 9.7% compared to the sole cropping of both plants in weed-free conditions, respectively.<br />  <strong>Background and Objectives:</strong> The purpose of this research was millet and soybean yield evaluation in monoculture and strip intercropping under weed-free and weed-infested conditions.<br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> Split-plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2021 and 2022. The main plots included weed-free and weed-infested treatments, and the subplots included six different patterns of millet (M) and soybean (S) strip intercropping, sole cropping of millet and sole cropping of soybean. Millet and soybean seed yield traits and LER, AYL, K, IA, CAI indices were investigated.<br /> <br /><strong>Results:</strong> The results of variance analysis showed that the effect of weed-infested, cropping system and interaction on grain yield of millet (p< 0.01) and soybean (p< 0.01) were significant. The highest grain yield of millet (1134/83 kg/ha) and soybean (1832/83 kg/ha) was obtained in the weed-free sole cropping treatment, and the lowest one in millet (355/16 kg/ha) was observed in the 2M2S intercropping weed-infested treatment and in soybean (440/22 kg/ha) was observed in the 2S4M intercropping under weed-infested treatment. The highest LER in the 2M4S intercropping under weed-infested condition was 1.85 in the average of two years. The maximum CAI in the average data of two years related to 2M4S intercropping in weed-free treatment. Also, the maximum IA was related to 2M4S intercropping in weed-infested condition.<br /> <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> LER and CAI was greater than 1 in all intercropping patterns, which indicates the superiority of millet and soybean intercropping, compared to their sole cropping. The positive value of IA and AYL in all intercropping patterns indicated the beneficial effect of plants on each other and the advantage of their intercropping in weed-free and weed-infested conditions. 2M4S intercropping in weed-infested treatment increased millet and soybean grain yield per occupied area by 20% and 9.7% compared to the sole cropping of both plants in weed-free conditions, respectively.<br />  https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21406_99600ee772f2ce92f860bf41adb3e4d1.pdf