University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 36 1 2026 04 20 Investigating Agricultural Traits and Growth Indicators of Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorius L.) in Mixed Cultivation with Canola (Brassica Napus L.) under Weed Control Conditions Investigating Agricultural Traits and Growth Indicators of Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorius L.) in Mixed Cultivation with Canola (Brassica Napus L.) under Weed Control Conditions 39 56 21410 10.22034/saps.2024.57737.3088 FA Jalil Shafagh university of Tabriz Fariborz Shekari Professor of the Department of Plant Genetics and Production Engineering, Crop Physiology Department, Maragheh University of Basic Sciences, Maragheh, Iran. Abdollah Javanmard Associate Professor, Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Crop Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Maragheh University, Maragheh, Iran. Mina Amani PhD Student in Production and Post-Harvest Physiology of Medicinal Plants, Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Zohre Saeli-Ashan, Master of Physiology of Crop Plants, Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran. Journal Article 2023 07 27 <strong>Background</strong><strong> & </strong><strong>Objectives:</strong><strong> </strong>Considering the importance of sustainable agriculture and its role in increasing the quantity and quality of the product, the purpose of this research is to investigate the agronomic traits and economic indicators of safflower in the conditions of weed control and non-control.<br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Materials &</strong> <strong>Methods: </strong>In order to investigate the effect of weed control on the morphological traits and performance of safflower in intercropping with canola, a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the crop year of 2014 in a farm in Maragheh city. The first factor included weed control at two levels (control and lack of weed control) and the second factor included the replacement mixed cultivation of safflower and canola with ratios of 1:1 and 2:1, respectively, and increased mixed cultivation of safflower and canola 100:50, 100:75 and pure cultivation of safflower and canola.<br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Results:</strong> The results showed that the stem diameter, the number and length of lateral branches and the number of leaves per plant were the highest in the treatment combination of pure safflower cultivation with weed control. The highest seed yield was related to pure cultivation and complete weed control. With the increase of canola ratio, the morphological traits of safflower plant such as the number of leaves per plant and the diameter of the main stem decreased, but the plant height trait showed a significant increase.<br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the results, among the different planting patterns of safflower and canola, the highest seed yield was obtained in pure cultivation and full weed control, so it did not show any significant difference with other planting patterns of 1:1 replacement mixture (safflower-canola). <strong>Background</strong><strong> & </strong><strong>Objectives:</strong><strong> </strong>Considering the importance of sustainable agriculture and its role in increasing the quantity and quality of the product, the purpose of this research is to investigate the agronomic traits and economic indicators of safflower in the conditions of weed control and non-control.<br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Materials &</strong> <strong>Methods: </strong>In order to investigate the effect of weed control on the morphological traits and performance of safflower in intercropping with canola, a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the crop year of 2014 in a farm in Maragheh city. The first factor included weed control at two levels (control and lack of weed control) and the second factor included the replacement mixed cultivation of safflower and canola with ratios of 1:1 and 2:1, respectively, and increased mixed cultivation of safflower and canola 100:50, 100:75 and pure cultivation of safflower and canola.<br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Results:</strong> The results showed that the stem diameter, the number and length of lateral branches and the number of leaves per plant were the highest in the treatment combination of pure safflower cultivation with weed control. The highest seed yield was related to pure cultivation and complete weed control. With the increase of canola ratio, the morphological traits of safflower plant such as the number of leaves per plant and the diameter of the main stem decreased, but the plant height trait showed a significant increase.<br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the results, among the different planting patterns of safflower and canola, the highest seed yield was obtained in pure cultivation and full weed control, so it did not show any significant difference with other planting patterns of 1:1 replacement mixture (safflower-canola). https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21410_681a71403615dd70015d5e89b4302655.pdf