University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 36 1 2026 04 21 Effect of planting date on phenological and morphological traits of different varieties of black cumin Effect of planting date on phenological and morphological traits of different varieties of black cumin 211 225 21417 10.22034/saps.2024.63123.3271 FA Zeinab Zare Rahmat Abad Department of Plant Protection, Gorgan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University Mohammad Mehdi Mirzaei Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University Faezeh Zaefarian Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University Journal Article 2024 08 24 Background & Objectives: Black cumin is a medicinal and widely used plant worldwide and possesses considerable economic value. Previous studies have indicated that delayed sowing negatively affects the growth and yield of this plant; therefore, determining the optimal sowing time in each region is crucial for improving both the quantitative and qualitative traits of the crop. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of planting date on some phenology and morphological traits of different black cumin varieties. Materials and Methods: This experiment is carried out in the Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Goldstein Province in the crop year 2022-2023 in a factorial in the form of a randomized complete block design in four replications. Treatments included three planting dates (6 November, 6 December, and 5 January) and three populations (Iranian, Indian, and Syrian). In this research, several traits were evaluated, including the number of days to emergence, the number of days from two- to four‑leaf stage, the number of days to budding, the number of days to flowering, the number of days to physiological maturity, the number of days to full maturity, plant height, lateral branch distance, number of capsules per branch, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, capsule weight, and seed yield per plant. Results: The results showed that the varieties were significantly different in terms of the number of days to blooming, number of days to flowering, number of days to physiological, number of days to ripening, plant height, distance of lateral branches from the ground, number of capsules per branch, capsule weight, and seed yield. The highest plant height (104.33 cm), Height of the lowest branch (45.72 cm), and maximum number of seeds per capsule (99.34) were recorded in the Iranian variety, and the lowest growth period length (178.50 days) and maximum seed yield per plant (5.52 g) were recorded for the Indian variety. Also, the sowing date affected all phenology and morphological traits except capsule weight at a probability level of 1%, so that the highest number of seeds per capsule and maximum seed yield per plant were observed on the sowing date of November. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that with a delay in planting, the phenological and morphological characteristics of the plant decreased, so that the minimum and maximum average of the studied traits were obtained from the date of planting on 6 January and 6 December, respectively. Background & Objectives: Black cumin is a medicinal and widely used plant worldwide and possesses considerable economic value. Previous studies have indicated that delayed sowing negatively affects the growth and yield of this plant; therefore, determining the optimal sowing time in each region is crucial for improving both the quantitative and qualitative traits of the crop. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of planting date on some phenology and morphological traits of different black cumin varieties. Materials and Methods: This experiment is carried out in the Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Goldstein Province in the crop year 2022-2023 in a factorial in the form of a randomized complete block design in four replications. Treatments included three planting dates (6 November, 6 December, and 5 January) and three populations (Iranian, Indian, and Syrian). In this research, several traits were evaluated, including the number of days to emergence, the number of days from two- to four‑leaf stage, the number of days to budding, the number of days to flowering, the number of days to physiological maturity, the number of days to full maturity, plant height, lateral branch distance, number of capsules per branch, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, capsule weight, and seed yield per plant. Results: The results showed that the varieties were significantly different in terms of the number of days to blooming, number of days to flowering, number of days to physiological, number of days to ripening, plant height, distance of lateral branches from the ground, number of capsules per branch, capsule weight, and seed yield. The highest plant height (104.33 cm), Height of the lowest branch (45.72 cm), and maximum number of seeds per capsule (99.34) were recorded in the Iranian variety, and the lowest growth period length (178.50 days) and maximum seed yield per plant (5.52 g) were recorded for the Indian variety. Also, the sowing date affected all phenology and morphological traits except capsule weight at a probability level of 1%, so that the highest number of seeds per capsule and maximum seed yield per plant were observed on the sowing date of November. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that with a delay in planting, the phenological and morphological characteristics of the plant decreased, so that the minimum and maximum average of the studied traits were obtained from the date of planting on 6 January and 6 December, respectively.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21417_4e43572620c0266104d4ab66074c0400.pdf