University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 36 1 2026 04 20 Yield response of promising safflower genotypes to different sowing dates in the marginal areas of the cold climate of Tabriz Plain Yield response of promising safflower genotypes to different sowing dates in the marginal areas of the cold climate of Tabriz Plain 1 13 21409 10.22034/saps.2025.65796.3339 FA Bahman Pasban Eslam عضو هیات علمی-دانشیار Roghayeh Solhi-Khajehmarjan Research Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources Hamid Jabbari Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) Behnam Nikpour MSc. East Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran Hamed Mabudi Bilasvar Researcher, Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, East Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran. Journal Article 2025 02 04 Background & Objectives Safflower as an adaptable oilseed crop to marginal areas, has an important role in edible oil production. Suitable planting date of safflower in cold climates has important role in preventing of cold damages during winter and reaching to optimum seed yield. The research was carried out to evaluate the cold tolerance, seed and oil yields of promising safflower genotypes during different sowing dates in the marginal areas of the Tabriz Plain. Materials & Methods: The experiment was carried out as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2023-2024 at the East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center. The main factor was the planting date (5, 15 and 25 September and 5 October). The promising safflower genotypes were used as sub plot (1-37, 2-37, Mexico14, Mexico295, and Golemehr). During the experiment, the traits of the cold damage percent, leaf chlorophyll, plant height, capitulum diameter, seed yield components, seed oil percent, seed and oil yields were determined. Results: The effects of planting date and genotype on plant height, number of seeds per capitulum, seed and oil yields were significant. The interaction effect of studied factors on the cold damage percentage, main stem diameter, capitula per plant and harvest index were significant. The highest seed and oil yields were obtained from 5 and 15 September planting dates. Among the studied genotypes, Mexico14, Mexico295, and Golemehr had higher seed and oil yields, respectively. Among the studied traits, plant height, main stem diameter, number of capitula per plant and number of seeds per capitulum indicated positive and significant correlation with seed yield. Conclusion: It seems that cultivation of Mexico14, Mexico295, and Golemehr genotypes during 15th to 25th of September in the marginal areas of cold climate of Tabriz plain, by preventing cold damages can develop the safflower cultivation in the marginal areas of Tabriz plain. Background & Objectives Safflower as an adaptable oilseed crop to marginal areas, has an important role in edible oil production. Suitable planting date of safflower in cold climates has important role in preventing of cold damages during winter and reaching to optimum seed yield. The research was carried out to evaluate the cold tolerance, seed and oil yields of promising safflower genotypes during different sowing dates in the marginal areas of the Tabriz Plain. Materials & Methods: The experiment was carried out as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2023-2024 at the East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center. The main factor was the planting date (5, 15 and 25 September and 5 October). The promising safflower genotypes were used as sub plot (1-37, 2-37, Mexico14, Mexico295, and Golemehr). During the experiment, the traits of the cold damage percent, leaf chlorophyll, plant height, capitulum diameter, seed yield components, seed oil percent, seed and oil yields were determined. Results: The effects of planting date and genotype on plant height, number of seeds per capitulum, seed and oil yields were significant. The interaction effect of studied factors on the cold damage percentage, main stem diameter, capitula per plant and harvest index were significant. The highest seed and oil yields were obtained from 5 and 15 September planting dates. Among the studied genotypes, Mexico14, Mexico295, and Golemehr had higher seed and oil yields, respectively. Among the studied traits, plant height, main stem diameter, number of capitula per plant and number of seeds per capitulum indicated positive and significant correlation with seed yield. Conclusion: It seems that cultivation of Mexico14, Mexico295, and Golemehr genotypes during 15th to 25th of September in the marginal areas of cold climate of Tabriz plain, by preventing cold damages can develop the safflower cultivation in the marginal areas of Tabriz plain.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21409_8ab2fdcafa054da365636ef0d13eaeb2.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 36 1 2026 04 20 Evaluation of yield and Ecological indexes of camelina- chickpea intercropping in dryland and irrigation conditions and different nitrogen levels Evaluation of yield and Ecological indexes of camelina- chickpea intercropping in dryland and irrigation conditions and different nitrogen levels 15 37 21408 10.22034/saps.2024.61757.3225 FA Shahzad Jamaati Somarin PhD Student of Agrotechnology (Agroecology), Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Gilan University, Gilan, Iran. Elmira Mohammadvand Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran GholamReza MohsenAbadi Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gilan, Gilan, Iran. Majid Majidian Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Journal Article 2024 05 22 Background and objectives: Considering the problems related to water scarcity and reduced precipitation in the region, and the importance of expanding oilseed cultivation as well as research programs on crops with low water and fertilizer requirements in Ardabil Province (Namin), a study was conducted to evaluate the yield and ecological indices of camelina–chickpea intercropping under different nitrogen fertilizer levels in irrigated and rainfed conditions in this region. Materials and methods: The experiment was conducted as a split-factorial arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during the 2022–2023 cropping year. Experimental treatments included irrigation at two levels-irrigated (three irrigations) and rainfed (no irrigation)-assigned to the main plots. The factorial treatments in the subplots consisted of nitrogen fertilizer at two levels: control (11.5 kg ha⁻¹ pure nitrogen applied as a starter and uniformly for all treatments) and 46 kg ha⁻¹ pure nitrogen, along with seven cropping patterns. These included sole cropping of camelina and chickpea and their intercropping based on replacement series patterns: 1:1, 2:2, and 3:3 (equal ratio, 50% of each crop), 2:1 (66% and 33%, respectively), 1:2 (33% and 66%, respectively), and a mixed cropping of camelina and chickpea (equal ratio, 50% of each crop). Results: Under irrigated conditions, intercropping showed superiority over other treatment levels in most of the studied traits, including grain yield. The land equivalent ratio (LER) for camelina–chickpea intercropping was greater than one and positive. The best treatment combination was observed in the 2:2 intercropping pattern of camelina and chickpea under irrigated conditions with the control fertilizer level. The competition ratio of camelina was highest under rainfed conditions with the control fertilizer level in the intercropping ratios of 2:1 (66:33), followed by 1:1, 3:3, 2:2, and 1:2, respectively. Overall, the mean competition ratio of camelina exceeded that of all other studied treatments, indicating the highest competitive ability in these treatments. Conclusion: Considering the climatic conditions of Ardabil Province, the irrigated treatment combined with the application of 46 kg ha⁻¹ pure nitrogen and intercropping arrangements of 3:3 and 2:2 camelina with chickpea (50:50) can be recommended. Background and objectives: Considering the problems related to water scarcity and reduced precipitation in the region, and the importance of expanding oilseed cultivation as well as research programs on crops with low water and fertilizer requirements in Ardabil Province (Namin), a study was conducted to evaluate the yield and ecological indices of camelina–chickpea intercropping under different nitrogen fertilizer levels in irrigated and rainfed conditions in this region. Materials and methods: The experiment was conducted as a split-factorial arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during the 2022–2023 cropping year. Experimental treatments included irrigation at two levels-irrigated (three irrigations) and rainfed (no irrigation)-assigned to the main plots. The factorial treatments in the subplots consisted of nitrogen fertilizer at two levels: control (11.5 kg ha⁻¹ pure nitrogen applied as a starter and uniformly for all treatments) and 46 kg ha⁻¹ pure nitrogen, along with seven cropping patterns. These included sole cropping of camelina and chickpea and their intercropping based on replacement series patterns: 1:1, 2:2, and 3:3 (equal ratio, 50% of each crop), 2:1 (66% and 33%, respectively), 1:2 (33% and 66%, respectively), and a mixed cropping of camelina and chickpea (equal ratio, 50% of each crop). Results: Under irrigated conditions, intercropping showed superiority over other treatment levels in most of the studied traits, including grain yield. The land equivalent ratio (LER) for camelina–chickpea intercropping was greater than one and positive. The best treatment combination was observed in the 2:2 intercropping pattern of camelina and chickpea under irrigated conditions with the control fertilizer level. The competition ratio of camelina was highest under rainfed conditions with the control fertilizer level in the intercropping ratios of 2:1 (66:33), followed by 1:1, 3:3, 2:2, and 1:2, respectively. Overall, the mean competition ratio of camelina exceeded that of all other studied treatments, indicating the highest competitive ability in these treatments. Conclusion: Considering the climatic conditions of Ardabil Province, the irrigated treatment combined with the application of 46 kg ha⁻¹ pure nitrogen and intercropping arrangements of 3:3 and 2:2 camelina with chickpea (50:50) can be recommended.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21408_e4331388bf4480cd72e86b803ce11d73.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 36 1 2026 04 20 Investigating Agricultural Traits and Growth Indicators of Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorius L.) in Mixed Cultivation with Canola (Brassica Napus L.) under Weed Control Conditions Investigating Agricultural Traits and Growth Indicators of Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorius L.) in Mixed Cultivation with Canola (Brassica Napus L.) under Weed Control Conditions 39 56 21410 10.22034/saps.2024.57737.3088 FA Jalil Shafagh university of Tabriz Fariborz Shekari Professor of the Department of Plant Genetics and Production Engineering, Crop Physiology Department, Maragheh University of Basic Sciences, Maragheh, Iran. Abdollah Javanmard Associate Professor, Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Crop Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Maragheh University, Maragheh, Iran. Mina Amani PhD Student in Production and Post-Harvest Physiology of Medicinal Plants, Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Zohre Saeli-Ashan, Master of Physiology of Crop Plants, Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran. Journal Article 2023 07 27 Background & Objectives: Considering the importance of sustainable agriculture and its role in increasing the quantity and quality of the product, the purpose of this research is to investigate the agronomic traits and economic indicators of safflower in the conditions of weed control and non-control. Materials & Methods: In order to investigate the effect of weed control on the morphological traits and performance of safflower in intercropping with canola, a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the crop year of 2014 in a farm in Maragheh city. The first factor included weed control at two levels (control and lack of weed control) and the second factor included the replacement mixed cultivation of safflower and canola with ratios of 1:1 and 2:1, respectively, and increased mixed cultivation of safflower and canola 100:50, 100:75 and pure cultivation of safflower and canola. Results: The results showed that the stem diameter, the number and length of lateral branches and the number of leaves per plant were the highest in the treatment combination of pure safflower cultivation with weed control. The highest seed yield was related to pure cultivation and complete weed control. With the increase of canola ratio, the morphological traits of safflower plant such as the number of leaves per plant and the diameter of the main stem decreased, but the plant height trait showed a significant increase. Conclusion: According to the results, among the different planting patterns of safflower and canola, the highest seed yield was obtained in pure cultivation and full weed control, so it did not show any significant difference with other planting patterns of 1:1 replacement mixture (safflower-canola). Background & Objectives: Considering the importance of sustainable agriculture and its role in increasing the quantity and quality of the product, the purpose of this research is to investigate the agronomic traits and economic indicators of safflower in the conditions of weed control and non-control. Materials & Methods: In order to investigate the effect of weed control on the morphological traits and performance of safflower in intercropping with canola, a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the crop year of 2014 in a farm in Maragheh city. The first factor included weed control at two levels (control and lack of weed control) and the second factor included the replacement mixed cultivation of safflower and canola with ratios of 1:1 and 2:1, respectively, and increased mixed cultivation of safflower and canola 100:50, 100:75 and pure cultivation of safflower and canola. Results: The results showed that the stem diameter, the number and length of lateral branches and the number of leaves per plant were the highest in the treatment combination of pure safflower cultivation with weed control. The highest seed yield was related to pure cultivation and complete weed control. With the increase of canola ratio, the morphological traits of safflower plant such as the number of leaves per plant and the diameter of the main stem decreased, but the plant height trait showed a significant increase. Conclusion: According to the results, among the different planting patterns of safflower and canola, the highest seed yield was obtained in pure cultivation and full weed control, so it did not show any significant difference with other planting patterns of 1:1 replacement mixture (safflower-canola).

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21410_681a71403615dd70015d5e89b4302655.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 36 1 2026 05 21 Evaluation of organic and bio-fertilizers using on yield and essential oil production of green basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in Kelardasht region Evaluation of organic and bio-fertilizers using on yield and essential oil production of green basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in Kelardasht region 57 74 21427 10.22034/saps.2024.62496.3250 FA Hamid Reza Chalajour Department of Agronomy, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran Mohammad Taghi Darzi Department of Agronomy, Roudehen Branch , Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran Mohammadreza Haj Seyed Hadi Department of Agronomy, Roudehen Branch , Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran Journal Article 2024 07 14 Abstract Background & Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic and bio-fertilizers on yield and essential oil production of green basil in order to reducing of chemical fertilizer application Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with six treatments and three replications in Kelardasht of Iran in 2021. The treatments were 1- vermicompost (10 t.ha-1), 2- nitroxin (2 lit.ha-1), 3- bio-superphosphate (2 lit.ha-1), 4- nitroxin + bio-superphosphate, 5- vermicompost + nitroxin + bio-superphosphate, 6- chemical fertilizer (NP: 80, 60 kg.ha-1). Results: The results showed that treatments had significant effects on studied traits, as the highest plant height (36.5 cm) in treatment of bio-superphosphate application, the highest dry weight of plant (7.66 g plant-1) and nitrogen percent in leaf (2.06%) in integrated treatment of nitroxin and bio-superphosphate and the highest herb yield (653.2 kg.ha-1), essential oil content (0.44%) and essential oil yield (2.88 kg.ha-1) in treatment of vermicompost application were obtained. In an investigation of essential oil components, the highest citral content (58.33%) in in treatment of bio-superphosphate application and then treatment of vermicompost application (55.23%), the highest E-Caryophyllene content (4.37%) in treatment of vermicompost application and the highest Methyl chavicol content (43.17%) in chemical fertilizer were obtained. Conclusion: In general, the results of this study showed, the application of organic and bio fertilizers, specially vermicompost in comparison to chemical fertilizer had a considerable role in increasing of yield and quantity and quality of essential oil of basil. Abstract Background & Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic and bio-fertilizers on yield and essential oil production of green basil in order to reducing of chemical fertilizer application Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with six treatments and three replications in Kelardasht of Iran in 2021. The treatments were 1- vermicompost (10 t.ha-1), 2- nitroxin (2 lit.ha-1), 3- bio-superphosphate (2 lit.ha-1), 4- nitroxin + bio-superphosphate, 5- vermicompost + nitroxin + bio-superphosphate, 6- chemical fertilizer (NP: 80, 60 kg.ha-1). Results: The results showed that treatments had significant effects on studied traits, as the highest plant height (36.5 cm) in treatment of bio-superphosphate application, the highest dry weight of plant (7.66 g plant-1) and nitrogen percent in leaf (2.06%) in integrated treatment of nitroxin and bio-superphosphate and the highest herb yield (653.2 kg.ha-1), essential oil content (0.44%) and essential oil yield (2.88 kg.ha-1) in treatment of vermicompost application were obtained. In an investigation of essential oil components, the highest citral content (58.33%) in in treatment of bio-superphosphate application and then treatment of vermicompost application (55.23%), the highest E-Caryophyllene content (4.37%) in treatment of vermicompost application and the highest Methyl chavicol content (43.17%) in chemical fertilizer were obtained. Conclusion: In general, the results of this study showed, the application of organic and bio fertilizers, specially vermicompost in comparison to chemical fertilizer had a considerable role in increasing of yield and quantity and quality of essential oil of basil.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21427_6552ef62b00c06ec347ae59814bfe19e.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 36 1 2026 04 20 The effect of inoculation with biofertilizers on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the medicinal plant Hyssopus officinalis at different levels of water deficit stress The effect of inoculation with biofertilizers on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the medicinal plant Hyssopus officinalis at different levels of water deficit stress 75 88 21413 10.22034/saps.2024.62497.3251 FA Masoumeh Shahi Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran Mahmoud Pouryousef Miandoab Department of Agronomy and Agroecology, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran Mehrdad Yarnia Dept., of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Ebrahim Khalilvand Behrouzyar Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran Abdollah Hassanzadeh Ghorttapeh Horticulture Crop Science Research Department, West Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, (AREEO) ,Urmia, Iran. Journal Article 2024 07 14 Background and Objectives: In arid and semi-arid regions, employing innovative and sustainable solutions to enhance nutrient uptake is crucial. One such approach is the utilization of microorganisms.This research investigated the effect of mycorrhizae and growth-stimulating bacteria on hyssop's quantitative and qualitative characteristics under different irrigation levels. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the West Azarbaijan province research centre (Saatlo station) over two crop years. The irrigation levels, including normal moisture conditions (7-day interval), mild stress (10-day interval), and severe stress (14-day interval), were assigned to the main plots, and inoculation with mycorrhiza (My), Azotobacter (Az), Pseudomonas (Pse), Az + Ps, My+Az+Pse and non-inoculation treatment (control) were assigned to sub-plots. In this experiment, the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the plant were measured. Results: The highest plant height, total fresh weight, and leaf nitrogen content were assigned to the treatment with Pseudomonas (Pse) under normal irrigation conditions. The maximum essential oil percentage and essential oil yield were related to Psetreatment under mild stress conditions. In all biofertiliser treatments, plant height, total fresh weight, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid content, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of leaves decreased with increasing water stress. In contrast, proline content and ion leakage increased. Inoculation with My+Az+Pse under mild and severe stress conditions increased plant height, shoot weight, chlorophyll a content, carotenoid, proline, nitrogen, phosphorus, and essential oil yield. This treatment also reduced the amount of ion leakage compared to control. Conclusion: The separate application of each of the Pse, My, and Az treatments under mild stress conditions resulted in obtaining the maximum essential oil yield, and the combined application of My+Az+Pse adjusted water stress on the essential oil yield under severe water deficit conditions. Background and Objectives: In arid and semi-arid regions, employing innovative and sustainable solutions to enhance nutrient uptake is crucial. One such approach is the utilization of microorganisms.This research investigated the effect of mycorrhizae and growth-stimulating bacteria on hyssop's quantitative and qualitative characteristics under different irrigation levels. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the West Azarbaijan province research centre (Saatlo station) over two crop years. The irrigation levels, including normal moisture conditions (7-day interval), mild stress (10-day interval), and severe stress (14-day interval), were assigned to the main plots, and inoculation with mycorrhiza (My), Azotobacter (Az), Pseudomonas (Pse), Az + Ps, My+Az+Pse and non-inoculation treatment (control) were assigned to sub-plots. In this experiment, the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the plant were measured. Results: The highest plant height, total fresh weight, and leaf nitrogen content were assigned to the treatment with Pseudomonas (Pse) under normal irrigation conditions. The maximum essential oil percentage and essential oil yield were related to Psetreatment under mild stress conditions. In all biofertiliser treatments, plant height, total fresh weight, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid content, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of leaves decreased with increasing water stress. In contrast, proline content and ion leakage increased. Inoculation with My+Az+Pse under mild and severe stress conditions increased plant height, shoot weight, chlorophyll a content, carotenoid, proline, nitrogen, phosphorus, and essential oil yield. This treatment also reduced the amount of ion leakage compared to control. Conclusion: The separate application of each of the Pse, My, and Az treatments under mild stress conditions resulted in obtaining the maximum essential oil yield, and the combined application of My+Az+Pse adjusted water stress on the essential oil yield under severe water deficit conditions.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21413_baad7a2abc27bbb726e8d98f5ca80934.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 36 1 2026 04 20 The effect of different amounts of Lemna minor compost and putrescine on some vegetative and physiological characteristics of Hyacinthus orientalis The effect of different amounts of Lemna minor compost and putrescine on some vegetative and physiological characteristics of Hyacinthus orientalis 101 115 21411 10.22034/saps.2024.60903.3195 FA Mahnaz Karimi Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran Setare Sadeqinasab Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran Hosein Moradi Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran Journal Article 2024 03 13 Background & Objectives: The use of organic and readily available compounds is effective in reducing harmful environmental effects and reducing the cost of product production. The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of compost obtained from Lemna minor and polyamine putrescine in improving the vegetative and physiological characteristics of Iranian hyacinth. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted as a factorial in a completely randomized design in four replications. The first factor was compost (0, 25, 50 and 75% replacing peat moss in the control media) and the second factor was different concentrations of putrescine (0, 1 and 2 mM). The control treatment was a combination of peat moss and perlite (2:1 V/V). Results: According to the obtained results, the highest number of flowers was recorded in the control tratment, 25% compost without putricin, the control substrate with 2 mM putricin and 75% compost without putricin. The highest number of leaves was observed in control and 1 mM potricin, 75% compost in both 1 and 2 mM potricin. The number of bulblet formed in the control bed, 25% compost in combination with 2 mM putricin and 50% compost in the presence of one and two millimolar putricin was the maximum. The highest amount of carotenoid was recorded in 50% compost in combination with 1 mM potricin. The highest amount of nitrogen in leaves was in 25, 50 and 75% compost combined with 1 mM potricin and 50% compost without potricin. Conclusion: Despite the high vegetative and reproductive traits including the number of flowers and leaves in the control, the results of this research showed that compost in different percentages including 50 and 75% and in combination with one and two millimolar putricin improved some hyacinth traits. Background & Objectives: The use of organic and readily available compounds is effective in reducing harmful environmental effects and reducing the cost of product production. The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of compost obtained from Lemna minor and polyamine putrescine in improving the vegetative and physiological characteristics of Iranian hyacinth. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted as a factorial in a completely randomized design in four replications. The first factor was compost (0, 25, 50 and 75% replacing peat moss in the control media) and the second factor was different concentrations of putrescine (0, 1 and 2 mM). The control treatment was a combination of peat moss and perlite (2:1 V/V). Results: According to the obtained results, the highest number of flowers was recorded in the control tratment, 25% compost without putricin, the control substrate with 2 mM putricin and 75% compost without putricin. The highest number of leaves was observed in control and 1 mM potricin, 75% compost in both 1 and 2 mM potricin. The number of bulblet formed in the control bed, 25% compost in combination with 2 mM putricin and 50% compost in the presence of one and two millimolar putricin was the maximum. The highest amount of carotenoid was recorded in 50% compost in combination with 1 mM potricin. The highest amount of nitrogen in leaves was in 25, 50 and 75% compost combined with 1 mM potricin and 50% compost without potricin. Conclusion: Despite the high vegetative and reproductive traits including the number of flowers and leaves in the control, the results of this research showed that compost in different percentages including 50 and 75% and in combination with one and two millimolar putricin improved some hyacinth traits.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21411_d8d877b425825cca0bb313be10dfe6ca.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 36 1 2026 04 20 The effect of Chitosan-Coated Iron Nanoparticles on the Growth And Physiological Traits of Melissa officinalis under LED light conditions The effect of Chitosan-Coated Iron Nanoparticles on the Growth And Physiological Traits of Melissa officinalis under LED light conditions 117 133 21389 10.22034/saps.2024.61636.3222 FA Saeid Azizzadeh Namin Dept. of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Mahdi Behnamian Dept. of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Samar Heshmati Dept. of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Journal Article 2024 05 13 Background & Objectives: The main objectives of the present study are the optimization of growth, enhancement of growth characteristics, and the increase in the levels of active compounds in the Melissa officinalis through the use of chitosan-coated iron nanoparticles and monochromatic LED lights. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications using pot cultivation. The first factor involved foliar spraying with chitosan-coated iron nanoparticles at three concentrations: 0, 10, and 20 mg/L. The second factor consisted of light treatments, including white light (100%), red light (100%), blue light (100%), and greenhouse conditions. Results: The results showed that the foliar spraying of Melissa officinalis with 10 mg.l-1 of iron/chitosan nanoparticles showed the greatest increase in yield, height, leaf area, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic pigments, compared to other applied concentrations and control plants. Also, iron/chitosan nanoparticles at a concentration of 20 mg. l-1 showed the greatest effect on the development of the root system. The use of LED lamps often caused restrictions in the growth of the aerial parts of the lemon balm plant. The highest increase in the number of photosynthetic pigments was observed in white light combined with nano iron/chitosan at a concentration of 10 mg. l-1. Also, foliar spraying of lemon balm plants with 20 mg.l-1 under blue light had the greatest effect in increasing the antioxidant capacity and secondary compounds. Conclusion: The overall results of the present study indicate that the use of chitosan-coated iron nanoparticles significantly enhances the optimal growth of Melissa officinalis. Additionally, the combination of LED lights and foliar application of iron/chitosan nanoparticles has the most substantial effect on increasing the levels of active compounds and antioxidant capacity in this medicinal plant. Background & Objectives: The main objectives of the present study are the optimization of growth, enhancement of growth characteristics, and the increase in the levels of active compounds in the Melissa officinalis through the use of chitosan-coated iron nanoparticles and monochromatic LED lights. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications using pot cultivation. The first factor involved foliar spraying with chitosan-coated iron nanoparticles at three concentrations: 0, 10, and 20 mg/L. The second factor consisted of light treatments, including white light (100%), red light (100%), blue light (100%), and greenhouse conditions. Results: The results showed that the foliar spraying of Melissa officinalis with 10 mg.l-1 of iron/chitosan nanoparticles showed the greatest increase in yield, height, leaf area, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic pigments, compared to other applied concentrations and control plants. Also, iron/chitosan nanoparticles at a concentration of 20 mg. l-1 showed the greatest effect on the development of the root system. The use of LED lamps often caused restrictions in the growth of the aerial parts of the lemon balm plant. The highest increase in the number of photosynthetic pigments was observed in white light combined with nano iron/chitosan at a concentration of 10 mg. l-1. Also, foliar spraying of lemon balm plants with 20 mg.l-1 under blue light had the greatest effect in increasing the antioxidant capacity and secondary compounds. Conclusion: The overall results of the present study indicate that the use of chitosan-coated iron nanoparticles significantly enhances the optimal growth of Melissa officinalis. Additionally, the combination of LED lights and foliar application of iron/chitosan nanoparticles has the most substantial effect on increasing the levels of active compounds and antioxidant capacity in this medicinal plant.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21389_f3ca6544b085bee9c79156832b322f6d.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 36 1 2026 04 20 Foliar Application of Cytokinin Hormone and Salicylic Acid on Morphological Traits, Yield Traits of Sunflower Drought Stress Foliar Application of Cytokinin Hormone and Salicylic Acid on Morphological Traits, Yield Traits of Sunflower Drought Stress 135 150 21430 10.22034/saps.2024.61745.3224 FA Foad Hossini Student, Department of Plant Production and Genetics Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Afrasiab Rahnama Ghahfarokhi Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Moosa Meskarbashee Department of Plant Production and Genetics Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Journal Article 2024 05 21 Background and Objectives: Sunflower productivity is strongly influenced by water availability, especially under drought stress. Plant growth regulators such as cytokinins and salicylic acid can enhancestress tolerance and improve yield by stimulating physiological processes. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different irrigation intervals and foliar application of cytokinins and salicylic acid on seed and oil yield of sunflower under drought conditions. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted using a split-plot arrangement based on a randomized complete block design at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz during the 2021–2022 growin g season. Irrigation intervals were assigned to the main plots, while hormone treatments were allocated to subplots. The main factor consisted of three irrigation intervals (8, 12, and 16 days). The sub-factor included five hormone treatments: control (no hormone), cytokinin at 25 and 50 µmol. L-1, and salicylic acid at 200 and 400 mmol. L-1. Results: Increasing the irrigation interval from 8 days to 12 and 16 days led to a significant reduction in plant height, stem diameter, number of seeds per plant, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, biomass yield, oil yield, and oil percentage, while empty seeds increased under water deficit conditions. Results indicated the negative impact of prolonged irrigation intervals on sunflower productivity. However, the application of plant growth regulators partially alleviated these adverse effects. Under the 16-day irrigation intreval, seed yield increased by 69%, 72%, 37%, and 64% with the application of cytokinin at 25 and 50 µmol. L-1 and salicylic acid at 200 and 400 mmol. L-1, respectively, compared with the control treatment. Furthermore, the application of cytokinin at 50 µmol. L-1 under irrigation intervals of 8, 12, and 16 days increased seed yield by 33%, 16.5%, and 72%, respectively. Similarly, oil yield was improved by 33.5%, 19.5%, 50%, and 24% under the same conditions compared with hormone-deficit plants, highlighting the positive role of cytokinin in yield performance under both optimal and drought stress conditions. Conclusion: Cytokinin and salicylic acid can be considered effective strategies for improving the allocation of photosynthetic assimilates, seed yield, and oil yield in sunflower under both optimal irrigation and drought stress conditions. Although both hormones showed beneficial effects, cytokinin at a concentration of 50 µmol. L-1 was the most effective. Background and Objectives: Sunflower productivity is strongly influenced by water availability, especially under drought stress. Plant growth regulators such as cytokinins and salicylic acid can enhancestress tolerance and improve yield by stimulating physiological processes. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different irrigation intervals and foliar application of cytokinins and salicylic acid on seed and oil yield of sunflower under drought conditions. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted using a split-plot arrangement based on a randomized complete block design at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz during the 2021–2022 growin g season. Irrigation intervals were assigned to the main plots, while hormone treatments were allocated to subplots. The main factor consisted of three irrigation intervals (8, 12, and 16 days). The sub-factor included five hormone treatments: control (no hormone), cytokinin at 25 and 50 µmol. L-1, and salicylic acid at 200 and 400 mmol. L-1. Results: Increasing the irrigation interval from 8 days to 12 and 16 days led to a significant reduction in plant height, stem diameter, number of seeds per plant, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, biomass yield, oil yield, and oil percentage, while empty seeds increased under water deficit conditions. Results indicated the negative impact of prolonged irrigation intervals on sunflower productivity. However, the application of plant growth regulators partially alleviated these adverse effects. Under the 16-day irrigation intreval, seed yield increased by 69%, 72%, 37%, and 64% with the application of cytokinin at 25 and 50 µmol. L-1 and salicylic acid at 200 and 400 mmol. L-1, respectively, compared with the control treatment. Furthermore, the application of cytokinin at 50 µmol. L-1 under irrigation intervals of 8, 12, and 16 days increased seed yield by 33%, 16.5%, and 72%, respectively. Similarly, oil yield was improved by 33.5%, 19.5%, 50%, and 24% under the same conditions compared with hormone-deficit plants, highlighting the positive role of cytokinin in yield performance under both optimal and drought stress conditions. Conclusion: Cytokinin and salicylic acid can be considered effective strategies for improving the allocation of photosynthetic assimilates, seed yield, and oil yield in sunflower under both optimal irrigation and drought stress conditions. Although both hormones showed beneficial effects, cytokinin at a concentration of 50 µmol. L-1 was the most effective.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21430_7fbd2e3c6bff0503aa10e84e295ff733.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 36 1 2026 04 20 The Effect of Magnetic Water on Growth, Essential Oil Yield, and Some Phytochemical Properties of two Dill populations (Anethum graveolens L.) The Effect of Magnetic Water on Growth, Essential Oil Yield, and Some Phytochemical Properties of two Dill populations (Anethum graveolens L.) 151 167 21390 10.22034/saps.2024.62545.3254 FA Sepideh Houshmand Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz Saeideh Alizadeh- Salteh Department of Horticultural Science, University of Tabriz Sahebali Bolandnazar Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz Journal Article 2024 07 18 Background & Objectives: Nowadays, stimulating plants using magnetic fields is considered a method to enhance the quantity and quality of agricultural products. Therefore, the magnetic properties of water were utilized to treat the medicinal plant dill, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers. This method is scientific, simple, and organic. Materials and Methods: The effect of magnetized water at two magnetic field intensities (0.1 and 0.2 Tesla) and a control treatment, in four replications, was evaluated on two populations of dill (Tabriz and Varamin). Results: Magnetized water significantly increased the vegetative and reproductive traits of dill. It had a significant impact on the number of umbels, umbellules, secondary branches, leaves and also the length and diameter of the root and stem, resulting in a 20% increase in root diameter. Additionally, the suitable water quality and solubility of elements in water enhanced the fresh and dry weight of the root and stem. The magnetic water treatment significantly increased the levels of flavonoids, total phenols, anthocyanins, vitamin C, and protein. Furthermore, considering the importance of essential oil in this medicinal plant, magnetic water increased the weight and volume of essential oil. Conclusion: Our results indicated that using magnetic water as a physical treatment can be an effective tool to enhance the nutritional and medicinal value of dill. It offers a natural method to improve growth and stimulate. The increase in biological performance, given the enhanced vegetative growth and production of secondary metabolites without the use of fertilizers and pesticides, makes the economic performance justifiable. Background & Objectives: Nowadays, stimulating plants using magnetic fields is considered a method to enhance the quantity and quality of agricultural products. Therefore, the magnetic properties of water were utilized to treat the medicinal plant dill, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers. This method is scientific, simple, and organic. Materials and Methods: The effect of magnetized water at two magnetic field intensities (0.1 and 0.2 Tesla) and a control treatment, in four replications, was evaluated on two populations of dill (Tabriz and Varamin). Results: Magnetized water significantly increased the vegetative and reproductive traits of dill. It had a significant impact on the number of umbels, umbellules, secondary branches, leaves and also the length and diameter of the root and stem, resulting in a 20% increase in root diameter. Additionally, the suitable water quality and solubility of elements in water enhanced the fresh and dry weight of the root and stem. The magnetic water treatment significantly increased the levels of flavonoids, total phenols, anthocyanins, vitamin C, and protein. Furthermore, considering the importance of essential oil in this medicinal plant, magnetic water increased the weight and volume of essential oil. Conclusion: Our results indicated that using magnetic water as a physical treatment can be an effective tool to enhance the nutritional and medicinal value of dill. It offers a natural method to improve growth and stimulate. The increase in biological performance, given the enhanced vegetative growth and production of secondary metabolites without the use of fertilizers and pesticides, makes the economic performance justifiable.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21390_e87397bc265e20035752066fe9c7c526.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 36 1 2026 04 20 Evaluation the effect of soil moisture on the performance and the efficiency of an open or closed loop geothermal system in a sample greenhouse Evaluation the effect of soil moisture on the performance and the efficiency of an open or closed loop geothermal system in a sample greenhouse 169 181 21388 10.22034/saps.2024.61526.3217 FA Abolfazl Hedayatipour Department of Biosystems Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Mohsen Soleymani Department of Biosystems Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Mostafa Kiani Deh-Kiani Department of Biosystems Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Journal Article 2024 05 05 Background & Objectives: One of the accessible renewable energy sources in all parts of the world is surface geothermal energy. The objective of this experiment was evaluation the effect of the type of air circulation and soil moisture around the air transmission pipe on the output air temperature, efficiency and coefficient of performance (COP) of a shallow geothermal system in the cooling of greenhouse. Materials and Methods: A split plot experiment in the form of randomized complete blocks was conducted in a experimental greenhouses located in Arak region in four replications, from July to August 2022. The main plots were the soil moisture contents around the air transmission pipe at two levels of 25% and 10%, and sub plots were two types of air circulation, including open loop and closed loop. A centrifugal fan with a power of 760 watts was used for air circulation. Air circulation was open one day and closed the next. Using a single-channel data logger, the ambient temperature and air temperature entering and exiting the system were recorded and stored at 10-minute intervals. Efficiency and coefficient of performance were calculated during the hottest hours of the day. Finally, analysis of variance of the effect of experimental factors on dependent factors, and comparison of means were performed using MSTAT-C software. Results: According to the results, the effect of soil moisture content on the variables of system outlet air temperature, COP and efficiency was significant. Also, although the effect of the air circulation method (closed or open circuit) on the outlet air temperature was not significant, it significantly affected the coefficient of performance and efficiency. The interaction effect of these two independent variables was not significant on any of the dependent variables. The temperature of the fan inlet air (ambient air) during hot hours of the day had no effect on the fan outlet air temperature. Therefore, the use of the system is recommended both in temperate regions (central regions of the country) and in very hot regions (southern regions of the country). In the closed-loop method, with an increase in the difference between the inlet and outlet air temperatures of the system, the amount of power produced and the coefficient of performance of the system are greater compared to the open-loop method. Conclusion: The higher the ambient air temperature, the higher the COP and efficiency of the system. As soil moisture around the air transmission pipe increases, the output temperature of the system decreases. Therefore, the efficiency and COP of the system increases. Background & Objectives: One of the accessible renewable energy sources in all parts of the world is surface geothermal energy. The objective of this experiment was evaluation the effect of the type of air circulation and soil moisture around the air transmission pipe on the output air temperature, efficiency and coefficient of performance (COP) of a shallow geothermal system in the cooling of greenhouse. Materials and Methods: A split plot experiment in the form of randomized complete blocks was conducted in a experimental greenhouses located in Arak region in four replications, from July to August 2022. The main plots were the soil moisture contents around the air transmission pipe at two levels of 25% and 10%, and sub plots were two types of air circulation, including open loop and closed loop. A centrifugal fan with a power of 760 watts was used for air circulation. Air circulation was open one day and closed the next. Using a single-channel data logger, the ambient temperature and air temperature entering and exiting the system were recorded and stored at 10-minute intervals. Efficiency and coefficient of performance were calculated during the hottest hours of the day. Finally, analysis of variance of the effect of experimental factors on dependent factors, and comparison of means were performed using MSTAT-C software. Results: According to the results, the effect of soil moisture content on the variables of system outlet air temperature, COP and efficiency was significant. Also, although the effect of the air circulation method (closed or open circuit) on the outlet air temperature was not significant, it significantly affected the coefficient of performance and efficiency. The interaction effect of these two independent variables was not significant on any of the dependent variables. The temperature of the fan inlet air (ambient air) during hot hours of the day had no effect on the fan outlet air temperature. Therefore, the use of the system is recommended both in temperate regions (central regions of the country) and in very hot regions (southern regions of the country). In the closed-loop method, with an increase in the difference between the inlet and outlet air temperatures of the system, the amount of power produced and the coefficient of performance of the system are greater compared to the open-loop method. Conclusion: The higher the ambient air temperature, the higher the COP and efficiency of the system. As soil moisture around the air transmission pipe increases, the output temperature of the system decreases. Therefore, the efficiency and COP of the system increases.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21388_e0e83abada308894bd34ea8abe6aa58e.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 36 1 2026 04 20 Water Use Efficiency of Three Potato Cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.) Under Weed Competition and Drought Stress Water Use Efficiency of Three Potato Cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.) Under Weed Competition and Drought Stress 183 195 21431 10.22034/saps.2024.61424.3214 FA Ali Babazadeh Anari Plant Genetics and Production Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran Hamid Reza Mohammaddoust Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and natural resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Davoud Hassanpanah Scientific staff member, Horticulture Crops Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Centre, AREEO, Ardabil, Iran Yusef Jahani Member of the academic staff of the agricultural and horticultural research department, the agricultural and natural resources research and education center of Ardabil province (Maghan), research, education and Journal Article 2024 04 29 Background and Objectives: Potato is one of the important crops, which water deficit and weed competition are two important challenges. Weeds can potentially extract a comparable or even greater amount of water from deeper soil layers than potato and intensify drought stress. The purpose of this research was to investigate the ability of potato cultivars to tolerate moisture stress and evaluate the efficiency of water use in the conditions of competition with weeds. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted in 2023 in research center of Ardabil, as split factorial on a randomized complete block design in three replications. The studied factors were three levels of drought stress (0, 25 and 50% stress) as the main factor, two levels with and without weeds and three potato varieties (Agria, Rona and Tekta) as sub factors. Potato cover and potato height were mastered at flowering stage, and yield components were mastered at end season. Results: The results showed that Tekta and Agria varieties had the highest cover and height in flowering stage, respectively. In no drought stress, the Rona variety had the highest tuber number per plant, on the contrary, in drought stress condition, the Agria variety had more tuber number. In 50 stress conditions, weed competition reduced potato yield more than 2 times compared to no stress conditions. The results showed that the Agria cultivar had the highest WUE with 11.8 and 10.1 in the conditions of no competition and weed competition, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that different potato cultivars have different tolerance to drought stress and the effect of weed competition on them is different under drought stress conditions. The results showed that the effect of weed competition on crop is more intense in water deficit condition, and because of this, water use efficiency decreases. Background and Objectives: Potato is one of the important crops, which water deficit and weed competition are two important challenges. Weeds can potentially extract a comparable or even greater amount of water from deeper soil layers than potato and intensify drought stress. The purpose of this research was to investigate the ability of potato cultivars to tolerate moisture stress and evaluate the efficiency of water use in the conditions of competition with weeds. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted in 2023 in research center of Ardabil, as split factorial on a randomized complete block design in three replications. The studied factors were three levels of drought stress (0, 25 and 50% stress) as the main factor, two levels with and without weeds and three potato varieties (Agria, Rona and Tekta) as sub factors. Potato cover and potato height were mastered at flowering stage, and yield components were mastered at end season. Results: The results showed that Tekta and Agria varieties had the highest cover and height in flowering stage, respectively. In no drought stress, the Rona variety had the highest tuber number per plant, on the contrary, in drought stress condition, the Agria variety had more tuber number. In 50 stress conditions, weed competition reduced potato yield more than 2 times compared to no stress conditions. The results showed that the Agria cultivar had the highest WUE with 11.8 and 10.1 in the conditions of no competition and weed competition, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that different potato cultivars have different tolerance to drought stress and the effect of weed competition on them is different under drought stress conditions. The results showed that the effect of weed competition on crop is more intense in water deficit condition, and because of this, water use efficiency decreases.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21431_bceef35e91c3e958d88190ebf3fcf5bd.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 36 1 2026 04 20 Effect of Reduced Rates of herbicide of haloxyfop-r-methyl (gallant super) and bentazon integrated with Mulch in Weed Management of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Effect of Reduced Rates of herbicide of haloxyfop-r-methyl (gallant super) and bentazon integrated with Mulch in Weed Management of Phaseolus vulgaris L. 197 120 21404 10.22034/saps.2024.58515.3119 FA Jalil Shafagh university of Tabriz Moharram Kouhi-Soumaeh Graduated from Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Crop Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran. Mohsen Sabzi Nojadeh University of Tabriz Mina Amani Student Journal Article 2023 09 19 Background & Objectives: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of integrated management treatments on the density and biomass of weeds, to investigate the effect of integrated management treatments on the growth characteristics and yield of pinto beans and to evaluate the effectiveness of canola and wheat stubble mulch in weed control and its replacement with herbicides. Materials & Methods: In order to provide a practical method in the sustainable management of weeds for environmental health and cost reduction in pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), an experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in a field located around It was implemented in the city of Ahar. In this study, the experimental treatments include the combination of different amounts of herbicide and stubble mulch in 15 treatments. Results: The results showed that manual weeding increased the biological yield, straw and stubble yield, the number of seeds per plant, pod weight per plant, seed weight per plant, height and diameter of the plant, and the maximum number of seeds. Plastic mulch treatment had a significant effect on 100 seed weight, harvest index and number of days to germination, and also the highest number of sub-branches and the highest number of pods were obtained in the treatments of hand weeding and wheat mulch with Haloxyfop herbicide and hand weeding with Haloxyfop herbicide, respectively. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be said that manual weeding treatment, wheat mulch and stubble as well as plastic mulch treatment had the greatest effect on weeds and bean plant yield. Therefore, according to the results, in order to prevent environmental pollution and the effects of the misuse of herbicides, it is possible to recommend the use of mulch to control weeds. Background & Objectives: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of integrated management treatments on the density and biomass of weeds, to investigate the effect of integrated management treatments on the growth characteristics and yield of pinto beans and to evaluate the effectiveness of canola and wheat stubble mulch in weed control and its replacement with herbicides. Materials & Methods: In order to provide a practical method in the sustainable management of weeds for environmental health and cost reduction in pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), an experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in a field located around It was implemented in the city of Ahar. In this study, the experimental treatments include the combination of different amounts of herbicide and stubble mulch in 15 treatments. Results: The results showed that manual weeding increased the biological yield, straw and stubble yield, the number of seeds per plant, pod weight per plant, seed weight per plant, height and diameter of the plant, and the maximum number of seeds. Plastic mulch treatment had a significant effect on 100 seed weight, harvest index and number of days to germination, and also the highest number of sub-branches and the highest number of pods were obtained in the treatments of hand weeding and wheat mulch with Haloxyfop herbicide and hand weeding with Haloxyfop herbicide, respectively. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be said that manual weeding treatment, wheat mulch and stubble as well as plastic mulch treatment had the greatest effect on weeds and bean plant yield. Therefore, according to the results, in order to prevent environmental pollution and the effects of the misuse of herbicides, it is possible to recommend the use of mulch to control weeds.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21404_301c41e94e0b89ffc3fa2ad1303c9779.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 36 1 2026 04 21 Effect of planting date on phenological and morphological traits of different varieties of black cumin Effect of planting date on phenological and morphological traits of different varieties of black cumin 211 225 21417 10.22034/saps.2024.63123.3271 FA Zeinab Zare Rahmat Abad Department of Plant Protection, Gorgan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University Mohammad Mehdi Mirzaei Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University Faezeh Zaefarian Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University Journal Article 2024 08 24 Background & Objectives: Black cumin is a medicinal and widely used plant worldwide and possesses considerable economic value. Previous studies have indicated that delayed sowing negatively affects the growth and yield of this plant; therefore, determining the optimal sowing time in each region is crucial for improving both the quantitative and qualitative traits of the crop. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of planting date on some phenology and morphological traits of different black cumin varieties. Materials and Methods: This experiment is carried out in the Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Goldstein Province in the crop year 2022-2023 in a factorial in the form of a randomized complete block design in four replications. Treatments included three planting dates (6 November, 6 December, and 5 January) and three populations (Iranian, Indian, and Syrian). In this research, several traits were evaluated, including the number of days to emergence, the number of days from two- to four‑leaf stage, the number of days to budding, the number of days to flowering, the number of days to physiological maturity, the number of days to full maturity, plant height, lateral branch distance, number of capsules per branch, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, capsule weight, and seed yield per plant. Results: The results showed that the varieties were significantly different in terms of the number of days to blooming, number of days to flowering, number of days to physiological, number of days to ripening, plant height, distance of lateral branches from the ground, number of capsules per branch, capsule weight, and seed yield. The highest plant height (104.33 cm), Height of the lowest branch (45.72 cm), and maximum number of seeds per capsule (99.34) were recorded in the Iranian variety, and the lowest growth period length (178.50 days) and maximum seed yield per plant (5.52 g) were recorded for the Indian variety. Also, the sowing date affected all phenology and morphological traits except capsule weight at a probability level of 1%, so that the highest number of seeds per capsule and maximum seed yield per plant were observed on the sowing date of November. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that with a delay in planting, the phenological and morphological characteristics of the plant decreased, so that the minimum and maximum average of the studied traits were obtained from the date of planting on 6 January and 6 December, respectively. Background & Objectives: Black cumin is a medicinal and widely used plant worldwide and possesses considerable economic value. Previous studies have indicated that delayed sowing negatively affects the growth and yield of this plant; therefore, determining the optimal sowing time in each region is crucial for improving both the quantitative and qualitative traits of the crop. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of planting date on some phenology and morphological traits of different black cumin varieties. Materials and Methods: This experiment is carried out in the Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Goldstein Province in the crop year 2022-2023 in a factorial in the form of a randomized complete block design in four replications. Treatments included three planting dates (6 November, 6 December, and 5 January) and three populations (Iranian, Indian, and Syrian). In this research, several traits were evaluated, including the number of days to emergence, the number of days from two- to four‑leaf stage, the number of days to budding, the number of days to flowering, the number of days to physiological maturity, the number of days to full maturity, plant height, lateral branch distance, number of capsules per branch, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, capsule weight, and seed yield per plant. Results: The results showed that the varieties were significantly different in terms of the number of days to blooming, number of days to flowering, number of days to physiological, number of days to ripening, plant height, distance of lateral branches from the ground, number of capsules per branch, capsule weight, and seed yield. The highest plant height (104.33 cm), Height of the lowest branch (45.72 cm), and maximum number of seeds per capsule (99.34) were recorded in the Iranian variety, and the lowest growth period length (178.50 days) and maximum seed yield per plant (5.52 g) were recorded for the Indian variety. Also, the sowing date affected all phenology and morphological traits except capsule weight at a probability level of 1%, so that the highest number of seeds per capsule and maximum seed yield per plant were observed on the sowing date of November. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that with a delay in planting, the phenological and morphological characteristics of the plant decreased, so that the minimum and maximum average of the studied traits were obtained from the date of planting on 6 January and 6 December, respectively.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21417_4e43572620c0266104d4ab66074c0400.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 36 1 2026 04 20 Investigating the effect of ethanolic extracts of plant species on germination, and growth traits of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in laboratory and greenhouse conditions Investigating the effect of ethanolic extracts of plant species on germination, and growth traits of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in laboratory and greenhouse conditions 227 242 21405 10.22034/saps.2024.62786.3265 FA Bita Abassi university kermanshah Alireza Bagheri Department of Agronomy and plant breeding, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran Gholamreza Mohammadi Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University Kermanshah, Iran Mahshid Rahimifard Medicinal Plants and by Products Department، , Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands,, Tehran,,iran Journal Article 2024 08 10 Background and Objectives: This study was conducted to explore the use of plant extracts with allelopathy properties as natural herbicides and alternatives to chemical pesticides, aligning with environmentally friendly management practices. Material & Methods: The experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design in the laboratory and educational greenhouse of Razi University of Kermanshah in 2022. In laboratory studies, ethanol extracts of papaver fruit, harmel seed, fenugreek seed, artichoke leaf and fruit, peanut and camelina leaves, juglans skin and pomegranate skin in concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/l and distilled water (negative control) and the herbicide triflorin (positive control) were the experimental treatments. In the greenhouse experiment, extracts of artichoke, pomegranate, peanut and papaver plants at concentrations of 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/l and distilled water (negative control) and the herbicide glyphosate (positive control) were foliar sprayed on wild oat weeds. Results: In laboratory conditions, the lowest seedling survival and highest inhibition of seed germination wild oat were obtained by application artichoke and papaver extracts at concentrations of 75 and 100 g/L. In a greenhouse experiment with foliar spray of artichoke and papaver extracts, the highest percentage of growth inhibition and the lowest growth and photosynthetic traits of wild oats were observed. In addition, the extract concentration of 100 g/L reduced plant height, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, seedling fresh weight and seedling dry weight, chlorophyll index, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic efficiency and quantum efficiency of photosystem II of the wild oat plant at the rate of 16.80, 22.16, 58.33, 64.86, 36.55, 33.82, 74.81, 80.16, 81.24 and 28.24% compared to distilled water, respectively. Conclusion: Since artichoke and papaver extracts in concentrations of 100 and 75 g/l were higher potential in inhibiting the growth of wild oat weed. Therefore, their application can be recommended as a natural herbicide for wild oat control. Background and Objectives: This study was conducted to explore the use of plant extracts with allelopathy properties as natural herbicides and alternatives to chemical pesticides, aligning with environmentally friendly management practices. Material & Methods: The experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design in the laboratory and educational greenhouse of Razi University of Kermanshah in 2022. In laboratory studies, ethanol extracts of papaver fruit, harmel seed, fenugreek seed, artichoke leaf and fruit, peanut and camelina leaves, juglans skin and pomegranate skin in concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/l and distilled water (negative control) and the herbicide triflorin (positive control) were the experimental treatments. In the greenhouse experiment, extracts of artichoke, pomegranate, peanut and papaver plants at concentrations of 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/l and distilled water (negative control) and the herbicide glyphosate (positive control) were foliar sprayed on wild oat weeds. Results: In laboratory conditions, the lowest seedling survival and highest inhibition of seed germination wild oat were obtained by application artichoke and papaver extracts at concentrations of 75 and 100 g/L. In a greenhouse experiment with foliar spray of artichoke and papaver extracts, the highest percentage of growth inhibition and the lowest growth and photosynthetic traits of wild oats were observed. In addition, the extract concentration of 100 g/L reduced plant height, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, seedling fresh weight and seedling dry weight, chlorophyll index, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic efficiency and quantum efficiency of photosystem II of the wild oat plant at the rate of 16.80, 22.16, 58.33, 64.86, 36.55, 33.82, 74.81, 80.16, 81.24 and 28.24% compared to distilled water, respectively. Conclusion: Since artichoke and papaver extracts in concentrations of 100 and 75 g/l were higher potential in inhibiting the growth of wild oat weed. Therefore, their application can be recommended as a natural herbicide for wild oat control.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21405_3520f766864cb551f42f9390a84a92fb.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 36 1 2026 05 21 Response of Yield and Yield Components, Oil and Protein of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Cultivars to Planting Dates under Weed Competition Conditions Response of Yield and Yield Components, Oil and Protein of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Cultivars to Planting Dates under Weed Competition Conditions 243 256 21426 10.22034/saps.2024.64122.3301 FA Ramazan Alidoost Mahjob University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Jafar Asghari Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Mohammad Rabiee Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran. Ali Seraji Tea Research Center, Horticultural Science Research Institute (HSRI), AREEO, Lahijan, Iran. Journal Article 2024 10 26 Background & Objectives: The aim of research is to investigate and compare the effects of different planting dates on the competitive ability of rapeseed cultivars against weeds, and to identify the best cultivar for expanding the cultivation area of rapeseed in the temperate and humid climate of Guilan. Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out during two years (2021 to 2023) in Amlesh. In split plot factorial experiment, two weed interference conditions (full competition under natural weed community and weed free) were considered as main plots and four varieties of canola (RGS003, Delgan, Drago and Hayola4815) and three planting dates (6th of October, 26th of October and 15th of Novamber) as factorial arrangement in sub plots. Results: The results of variance analysis showed a significant effect of weed, cultivar and planting date on seed yield, biological yield, number of pods per plant, and oil yield. The average comparison results showed that weed interference caused a decrease in seed yield by 10% (from 2631 kg.ha-1 to 2364 kg.ha-1) regardless of cultivar. The cultivar type and planting date had a significant effect on the biomass and density of weeds. Delgan and Drago cultivars had the highest seed yield in each weed interference conditions with average of 2650 and 2590 kg/ha. The effect of planting date on the reduction of seed yield in rapeseed cultivars was greater than that of weed interference. Weed-free treatments were significantly different from weedy treatments in terms number of silique per plant, number of seeds per silique, seed yield, biological yield, oil yield and protein yield. Conclusion: The Delgan cultivar had higher seed and oil yield than other treatments in both weed interference conditions on the planting date of 26 October, which suggests that this cultivar can be used to produce adequate rapeseed yield in Guilan. Background & Objectives: The aim of research is to investigate and compare the effects of different planting dates on the competitive ability of rapeseed cultivars against weeds, and to identify the best cultivar for expanding the cultivation area of rapeseed in the temperate and humid climate of Guilan. Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out during two years (2021 to 2023) in Amlesh. In split plot factorial experiment, two weed interference conditions (full competition under natural weed community and weed free) were considered as main plots and four varieties of canola (RGS003, Delgan, Drago and Hayola4815) and three planting dates (6th of October, 26th of October and 15th of Novamber) as factorial arrangement in sub plots. Results: The results of variance analysis showed a significant effect of weed, cultivar and planting date on seed yield, biological yield, number of pods per plant, and oil yield. The average comparison results showed that weed interference caused a decrease in seed yield by 10% (from 2631 kg.ha-1 to 2364 kg.ha-1) regardless of cultivar. The cultivar type and planting date had a significant effect on the biomass and density of weeds. Delgan and Drago cultivars had the highest seed yield in each weed interference conditions with average of 2650 and 2590 kg/ha. The effect of planting date on the reduction of seed yield in rapeseed cultivars was greater than that of weed interference. Weed-free treatments were significantly different from weedy treatments in terms number of silique per plant, number of seeds per silique, seed yield, biological yield, oil yield and protein yield. Conclusion: The Delgan cultivar had higher seed and oil yield than other treatments in both weed interference conditions on the planting date of 26 October, which suggests that this cultivar can be used to produce adequate rapeseed yield in Guilan.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21426_2c355ac4c87a90e3173c48c3aa1e70fa.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 36 1 2026 04 20 Advantages of millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) and soybean (max Glycine) strip intercropping under weed-free and weed-infested conditions. Advantages of millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) and soybean (max Glycine) strip intercropping under weed-free and weed-infested conditions. 257 273 21406 10.22034/saps.2025.63168.3279 FA Goudarz Ahmadvand Department of Crop Production and Genetics,, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, I.R. Iran Behzad Sharib PhD Student , Department of Crop Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University Adel Dabbaq Mohammadi Nasab prof. Tabriz University Journal Article 2024 09 15 Background and Objectives: The purpose of this research was millet and soybean yield evaluation in monoculture and strip intercropping under weed-free and weed-infested conditions. Materials and Methods: Split-plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2021 and 2022. The main plots included weed-free and weed-infested treatments, and the subplots included six different patterns of millet (M) and soybean (S) strip intercropping, sole cropping of millet and sole cropping of soybean. Millet and soybean seed yield traits and LER, AYL, K, IA, CAI indices were investigated. Results: The results of variance analysis showed that the effect of weed-infested, cropping system and interaction on grain yield of millet (p< 0.01) and soybean (p< 0.01) were significant. The highest grain yield of millet (1134/83 kg/ha) and soybean (1832/83 kg/ha) was obtained in the weed-free sole cropping treatment, and the lowest one in millet (355/16 kg/ha) was observed in the 2M2S intercropping weed-infested treatment and in soybean (440/22 kg/ha) was observed in the 2S4M intercropping under weed-infested treatment. The highest LER in the 2M4S intercropping under weed-infested condition was 1.85 in the average of two years. The maximum CAI in the average data of two years related to 2M4S intercropping in weed-free treatment. Also, the maximum IA was related to 2M4S intercropping in weed-infested condition. Conclusion: LER and CAI was greater than 1 in all intercropping patterns, which indicates the superiority of millet and soybean intercropping, compared to their sole cropping. The positive value of IA and AYL in all intercropping patterns indicated the beneficial effect of plants on each other and the advantage of their intercropping in weed-free and weed-infested conditions. 2M4S intercropping in weed-infested treatment increased millet and soybean grain yield per occupied area by 20% and 9.7% compared to the sole cropping of both plants in weed-free conditions, respectively. Background and Objectives: The purpose of this research was millet and soybean yield evaluation in monoculture and strip intercropping under weed-free and weed-infested conditions. Materials and Methods: Split-plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2021 and 2022. The main plots included weed-free and weed-infested treatments, and the subplots included six different patterns of millet (M) and soybean (S) strip intercropping, sole cropping of millet and sole cropping of soybean. Millet and soybean seed yield traits and LER, AYL, K, IA, CAI indices were investigated. Results: The results of variance analysis showed that the effect of weed-infested, cropping system and interaction on grain yield of millet (p< 0.01) and soybean (p< 0.01) were significant. The highest grain yield of millet (1134/83 kg/ha) and soybean (1832/83 kg/ha) was obtained in the weed-free sole cropping treatment, and the lowest one in millet (355/16 kg/ha) was observed in the 2M2S intercropping weed-infested treatment and in soybean (440/22 kg/ha) was observed in the 2S4M intercropping under weed-infested treatment. The highest LER in the 2M4S intercropping under weed-infested condition was 1.85 in the average of two years. The maximum CAI in the average data of two years related to 2M4S intercropping in weed-free treatment. Also, the maximum IA was related to 2M4S intercropping in weed-infested condition. Conclusion: LER and CAI was greater than 1 in all intercropping patterns, which indicates the superiority of millet and soybean intercropping, compared to their sole cropping. The positive value of IA and AYL in all intercropping patterns indicated the beneficial effect of plants on each other and the advantage of their intercropping in weed-free and weed-infested conditions. 2M4S intercropping in weed-infested treatment increased millet and soybean grain yield per occupied area by 20% and 9.7% compared to the sole cropping of both plants in weed-free conditions, respectively.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21406_99600ee772f2ce92f860bf41adb3e4d1.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 36 1 2026 04 20 The potential contribution of the development of Edible Parks in providing Thermal comfort in cities The potential contribution of the development of Edible Parks in providing Thermal comfort in cities 275 301 21428 10.22034/saps.2024.62865.3263 FA Zahra Nobar Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Planning and Environmental Sciences, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran Akbar Rahimi Dept. of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Journal Article 2024 08 07 Background & Objectives: Expansion and industrialization in cities cause challenges, including sustainable food supply and ecological needs, particularly in developing cities. In recent years, Edible Parks have been implemented to address a portion of these ecological, environmental, and social needs through green infrastructure, thereby contributing significantly to urban sustainability. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted through a combination of field investigation, analytical assessment, and quantitative evaluation. In the first phase, the physical and microclimatic characteristics of the site—including topography, vegetation cover, and surface material composition—were systematically monitored. To assess the impact of different planting configurations on thermal comfort conditions, a comparative scenario analysis approach was employed. Accordingly, seven distinct planting scenarios, comprising various combinations of deciduous trees, evergreen trees, and shrubs, were developed and implemented on a fixed study site. To accurately analyze the microclimatic performance of each scenario, simulations were carried out using ENVI-MET 4 and RayMan for calculating thermal comfort indices. All scenarios were simulated over an 8-hour period, from 10:00 to 18:00, on 30 June 2020, identified based on meteorological data as one of the hottest days of the year. Input data, including air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, and atmospheric boundary conditions, were obtained from the nearest meteorological station and incorporated into the simulation models Results and Discussion: The implementation of planting scenarios consisting of deciduous trees, evergreen trees, and shrubs within urban agricultural lands demonstrated a substantial impact on improving microclimatic conditions and enhancing thermal comfort. Analysis of the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) index revealed that the presence of multilayer vegetation reduced PMV values by 1/5 units compared to the non-vegetated surface and by 1/4 units relative to the cultivated simulated surface, indicating a marked decrease in heat stress during peak daytime hours. Similarly, the assessment of the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) index confirmed the significant effectiveness of the planting configurations, as PET values decreased by 6°C relative to bare ground and by 5/57°C compared to the cultivated surface scenario. These reductions are primarily attributed to enhanced shading, increased evapotranspiration, and the attenuation of incoming solar radiation provided by the vegetative layers. Furthermore, the ambient air temperature exhibited an average reduction of 0/49°C under the planting scenarios, which, although modest in magnitude, plays a meaningful role in mitigating localized urban heat accumulation. Conclusion: The findings of this study clearly demonstrate that integrating tree plantings—including both deciduous and evergreen species—with agricultural crops within a defined site can serve as an effective strategy for the development of edible parks. Analysis of thermal comfort indices indicates that the presence of multilayer vegetative structures significantly improves microclimatic conditions through increased shading, reduced surface temperatures, and enhanced relative humidity. Moreover, the application of well‑designed and principled planting configurations within the proposed scenarios not only systematizes and optimizes the climatic modifications induced by vegetation but also contributes to the restoration of abandoned or degraded agricultural lands. This integrated approach supports both ecological revitalization and the sustainable enhancement of multifunctional urban green infrastructures. Keywords: Edible Park, PMV Index, Simulation, Thermal Comfort, Urban Climate Background & Objectives: Expansion and industrialization in cities cause challenges, including sustainable food supply and ecological needs, particularly in developing cities. In recent years, Edible Parks have been implemented to address a portion of these ecological, environmental, and social needs through green infrastructure, thereby contributing significantly to urban sustainability. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted through a combination of field investigation, analytical assessment, and quantitative evaluation. In the first phase, the physical and microclimatic characteristics of the site—including topography, vegetation cover, and surface material composition—were systematically monitored. To assess the impact of different planting configurations on thermal comfort conditions, a comparative scenario analysis approach was employed. Accordingly, seven distinct planting scenarios, comprising various combinations of deciduous trees, evergreen trees, and shrubs, were developed and implemented on a fixed study site. To accurately analyze the microclimatic performance of each scenario, simulations were carried out using ENVI-MET 4 and RayMan for calculating thermal comfort indices. All scenarios were simulated over an 8-hour period, from 10:00 to 18:00, on 30 June 2020, identified based on meteorological data as one of the hottest days of the year. Input data, including air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, and atmospheric boundary conditions, were obtained from the nearest meteorological station and incorporated into the simulation models Results and Discussion: The implementation of planting scenarios consisting of deciduous trees, evergreen trees, and shrubs within urban agricultural lands demonstrated a substantial impact on improving microclimatic conditions and enhancing thermal comfort. Analysis of the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) index revealed that the presence of multilayer vegetation reduced PMV values by 1/5 units compared to the non-vegetated surface and by 1/4 units relative to the cultivated simulated surface, indicating a marked decrease in heat stress during peak daytime hours. Similarly, the assessment of the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) index confirmed the significant effectiveness of the planting configurations, as PET values decreased by 6°C relative to bare ground and by 5/57°C compared to the cultivated surface scenario. These reductions are primarily attributed to enhanced shading, increased evapotranspiration, and the attenuation of incoming solar radiation provided by the vegetative layers. Furthermore, the ambient air temperature exhibited an average reduction of 0/49°C under the planting scenarios, which, although modest in magnitude, plays a meaningful role in mitigating localized urban heat accumulation. Conclusion: The findings of this study clearly demonstrate that integrating tree plantings—including both deciduous and evergreen species—with agricultural crops within a defined site can serve as an effective strategy for the development of edible parks. Analysis of thermal comfort indices indicates that the presence of multilayer vegetative structures significantly improves microclimatic conditions through increased shading, reduced surface temperatures, and enhanced relative humidity. Moreover, the application of well‑designed and principled planting configurations within the proposed scenarios not only systematizes and optimizes the climatic modifications induced by vegetation but also contributes to the restoration of abandoned or degraded agricultural lands. This integrated approach supports both ecological revitalization and the sustainable enhancement of multifunctional urban green infrastructures. Keywords: Edible Park, PMV Index, Simulation, Thermal Comfort, Urban Climate

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21428_ed2e6678e5c36e31e035ee40b5655f39.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 36 1 2026 04 20 Using parametric, non-parametric and SIIG index methods to study the genotype × environment interaction and seed yield stability of new sunflower hybrids Using parametric, non-parametric and SIIG index methods to study the genotype × environment interaction and seed yield stability of new sunflower hybrids 303 319 21407 10.22034/saps.2024.62530.3252 FA Amir Gholizadeh Assistant Professor, Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran Mehdi Ghaffari Associate Prof. Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Hossein Ahmadi-Ochtapeh Assistant Professor, Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran Morad Cheshmehnoor Researcher, Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Khoramabad, Iran Gholam Hossein Shiresmaeili Assistant Professor, Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran Farnaz Shariati Faculty member of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Journal Article 2024 07 17 Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the genotype × environment interaction and determine the yield stability of new sunflower hybrids. Materials and Methods: In this study, 18 hybrids along with the Zarin cultivar were evaluated under non stress, salinity and drought stress conditions in a randomized complete block design with three replications in four experimental field stations (Boroujerd, Gorgan, Gonbad and Isfahan) during 2022-2023 cropping season. In this study, parametric, non-parametric methods, and SIIG index were used to investigate the genotype × environment interaction and determine the yield stability of new sunflower hybrids. Plants were harvested at maturity and then the seed yield was recorded for each genotype at each test environment. Results: Results of combined analysis of variance indicated that the effects of environments, genotypes, and genotype × environment interaction were significant, suggesting that the genotypes responded differently in the studied environment conditions. So, there was the possibility of stability analysis. According to stability analysis using the Eberhart and Russel method, the H14, H10 and H1 genotypes with higher seed yield than the overall mean and regression coefficient equal one (bi=1) were identified as the genotypes with high general stability for all regions. Based on the simultaneous selection method for yield and stability (YSi), the genotypes H1, H4, and H10 with the lowest values were stable, whereas genotypes H3, H9, and H6 with the highest values were unstable. Also, based on the SIIG index, the genotypes H1, H4, H2, H10, H12, and H16 having high SIIG values as well as higher seed yield than the total average was recognized as superior genotypes from the point of stability and seed yield. Conclusion: Generally, the results indicated that hybrids H1, H4, H2, H10, H12 and H16 were superior genotypes for seed yield and stability in this study. Therefore, these hybrids can be used for further testing, including adaptation tests. Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the genotype × environment interaction and determine the yield stability of new sunflower hybrids. Materials and Methods: In this study, 18 hybrids along with the Zarin cultivar were evaluated under non stress, salinity and drought stress conditions in a randomized complete block design with three replications in four experimental field stations (Boroujerd, Gorgan, Gonbad and Isfahan) during 2022-2023 cropping season. In this study, parametric, non-parametric methods, and SIIG index were used to investigate the genotype × environment interaction and determine the yield stability of new sunflower hybrids. Plants were harvested at maturity and then the seed yield was recorded for each genotype at each test environment. Results: Results of combined analysis of variance indicated that the effects of environments, genotypes, and genotype × environment interaction were significant, suggesting that the genotypes responded differently in the studied environment conditions. So, there was the possibility of stability analysis. According to stability analysis using the Eberhart and Russel method, the H14, H10 and H1 genotypes with higher seed yield than the overall mean and regression coefficient equal one (bi=1) were identified as the genotypes with high general stability for all regions. Based on the simultaneous selection method for yield and stability (YSi), the genotypes H1, H4, and H10 with the lowest values were stable, whereas genotypes H3, H9, and H6 with the highest values were unstable. Also, based on the SIIG index, the genotypes H1, H4, H2, H10, H12, and H16 having high SIIG values as well as higher seed yield than the total average was recognized as superior genotypes from the point of stability and seed yield. Conclusion: Generally, the results indicated that hybrids H1, H4, H2, H10, H12 and H16 were superior genotypes for seed yield and stability in this study. Therefore, these hybrids can be used for further testing, including adaptation tests.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21407_136b0d1a7bcedec9d65560be9e5683b4.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 36 1 2026 04 20 Investigation of Genetic Diversity and Multivariate Analysis of some Iranian melon cultivars based on Morpho-physiological characteristics under Salinity Stress in Greenhouse Investigation of Genetic Diversity and Multivariate Analysis of some Iranian melon cultivars based on Morpho-physiological characteristics under Salinity Stress in Greenhouse 321 340 21425 10.22034/saps.2024.58711.3126 FA Zahra Piri Department of Horticulture, Agriculture Faculty, University of Maragheh Farzad Rasouli Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh Naser Sabaghnia Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh Ahmad Aghaee Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, Iran. Rana Panahi Tajaragh Dept. of Horticultural Science Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Iran. Journal Article 2023 10 04 Background and Objectives: Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses limiting crop production worldwide. Considering the increasing extent of saline lands and the high costs of soil reclamation, identifying plant genotypes with high salinity tolerance is a priority in breeding programs. This study was conducted to evaluate genetic variation among 10 Iranian native melon (Cucumis melo L.) populations under salinity stress and to identify salt-tolerant genotypes. Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out as a factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with three replications under controlled greenhouse conditions. Ten native melon populations were exposed to different salinity levels using NaCl (including a non-stress control and salinity treatments up to 150 mM). Morphophysiological traits such as shoot fresh weight, chlorophyll index (SPAD), relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), electrolyte leakage, and Na and K concentrations and their ratio (K/Na) in the leaves were measured. Results: Under salinity stress, the highest shoot fresh weight (346.5 g) and chlorophyll index (69.3) were obtained in the ‘Kalk Sardasht’ genotype under non-stress conditions, while the lowest values were recorded in ‘Tokhmeh Ata’ (38.47 g) and ‘Amoochi Daraz’ (31.57 g) at 150 mM NaCl. The highest relative water content and membrane stability index were observed in ‘Kalk Qorveh’ under control conditions, whereas ‘Tokhmeh Ata’ showed the lowest values at the highest salinity level (RWC = 65.28%) and the highest electrolyte leakage (99.76%). The highest Na (22.57 mg g⁻¹ FW), K (27.48 mg g⁻¹ FW) and K/Na ratio (23.32) were found in ‘Qobadlou’, ‘Qasr Shirin’ and ‘Tokhmeh Ata’, respectively, while the lowest values (0.94 mg g⁻¹ FW for Na and 4.81 mg g⁻¹ FW for K) were also observed in ‘Tokhmeh Ata’ seeds. Conclusion: Overall, the results indicated considerable genetic variation among the studied melon populations in response to salinity stress. Given their superior performance across most morphophysiological traits under salt stress, the cultivars ‘Shalagh’ and ‘Girke’ can be considered valuable genetic resources for melon improvement and breeding programs aimed at enhancing salinity tolerance. Background and Objectives: Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses limiting crop production worldwide. Considering the increasing extent of saline lands and the high costs of soil reclamation, identifying plant genotypes with high salinity tolerance is a priority in breeding programs. This study was conducted to evaluate genetic variation among 10 Iranian native melon (Cucumis melo L.) populations under salinity stress and to identify salt-tolerant genotypes. Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out as a factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with three replications under controlled greenhouse conditions. Ten native melon populations were exposed to different salinity levels using NaCl (including a non-stress control and salinity treatments up to 150 mM). Morphophysiological traits such as shoot fresh weight, chlorophyll index (SPAD), relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), electrolyte leakage, and Na and K concentrations and their ratio (K/Na) in the leaves were measured. Results: Under salinity stress, the highest shoot fresh weight (346.5 g) and chlorophyll index (69.3) were obtained in the ‘Kalk Sardasht’ genotype under non-stress conditions, while the lowest values were recorded in ‘Tokhmeh Ata’ (38.47 g) and ‘Amoochi Daraz’ (31.57 g) at 150 mM NaCl. The highest relative water content and membrane stability index were observed in ‘Kalk Qorveh’ under control conditions, whereas ‘Tokhmeh Ata’ showed the lowest values at the highest salinity level (RWC = 65.28%) and the highest electrolyte leakage (99.76%). The highest Na (22.57 mg g⁻¹ FW), K (27.48 mg g⁻¹ FW) and K/Na ratio (23.32) were found in ‘Qobadlou’, ‘Qasr Shirin’ and ‘Tokhmeh Ata’, respectively, while the lowest values (0.94 mg g⁻¹ FW for Na and 4.81 mg g⁻¹ FW for K) were also observed in ‘Tokhmeh Ata’ seeds. Conclusion: Overall, the results indicated considerable genetic variation among the studied melon populations in response to salinity stress. Given their superior performance across most morphophysiological traits under salt stress, the cultivars ‘Shalagh’ and ‘Girke’ can be considered valuable genetic resources for melon improvement and breeding programs aimed at enhancing salinity tolerance.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21425_36fba8e5978116303700737be36697b4.pdf