University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 26 4 2017 01 15 Evaluation of Growth and Yield Stability of Wheat by Application of Trichoderma and Enterobacter sp. Evaluation of Growth and Yield Stability of Wheat by Application of Trichoderma and Enterobacter sp. 1 15 5591 FA Faezeh Mohammadi Kashka Hemmatollah Pirdashti Yasser Yaghoubian Esmaeil Bakhshandeh Journal Article 2016 05 14 Abstract This study was carried out to study the effect of biopriming using Trichoderma hamatum and Enterobacter sp. as plant growth promoting on some morphological characteristics and grain yield (GY) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. ‘Milan’). A field experiment was conducted in a split factorial arrengment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Sari (Soteh village) during 2014-2015. Three levels of triple super phosphate (TSP; zero, 50 and 100 kg.ha-1) were applied as the main plot and both fungal (inoculation with Trichoderma hamatum and uninoculated as control) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) inoculations (inoculation with Enterobacter sp. and uninoculated as control), were served as the sub-plots. The results indicate a positive effect of both fungal and PSB inoculations on the most studied traits of wheat. Enterobacter sp. increased GY by 19, 7, and 26% when used with zero, 50 and 100 kg.ha-1 of TSP, respectively. In addition, Trichoderma hamatum increased GY and biological yield (BY) by 13 and 10%, respectively, as compared to the control conditions. Enterobacter sp. inoculation along with Trichoderma hamatum enhanced the values of all studied triats such as panicle length (4%), GY (21%) and (10%) as compared to the control. Therefore, these environmental friendly microorganisms can be used as an effective seed inoculants to improve grain yield of wheat and to decrease over application of P fertilizers and also could be useful tools for soil productivity, particularly when were used along with TSP as compared to the application of TSP alone. Abstract This study was carried out to study the effect of biopriming using Trichoderma hamatum and Enterobacter sp. as plant growth promoting on some morphological characteristics and grain yield (GY) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. ‘Milan’). A field experiment was conducted in a split factorial arrengment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Sari (Soteh village) during 2014-2015. Three levels of triple super phosphate (TSP; zero, 50 and 100 kg.ha-1) were applied as the main plot and both fungal (inoculation with Trichoderma hamatum and uninoculated as control) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) inoculations (inoculation with Enterobacter sp. and uninoculated as control), were served as the sub-plots. The results indicate a positive effect of both fungal and PSB inoculations on the most studied traits of wheat. Enterobacter sp. increased GY by 19, 7, and 26% when used with zero, 50 and 100 kg.ha-1 of TSP, respectively. In addition, Trichoderma hamatum increased GY and biological yield (BY) by 13 and 10%, respectively, as compared to the control conditions. Enterobacter sp. inoculation along with Trichoderma hamatum enhanced the values of all studied triats such as panicle length (4%), GY (21%) and (10%) as compared to the control. Therefore, these environmental friendly microorganisms can be used as an effective seed inoculants to improve grain yield of wheat and to decrease over application of P fertilizers and also could be useful tools for soil productivity, particularly when were used along with TSP as compared to the application of TSP alone.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_5591_2e3ecf5b4e51c5293992f6ae34121d60.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 26 4 2017 01 15 Advantage of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) and Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Intercropping under Organic, Biological and Chemical Fertilizer Treatments Advantage of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) and Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Intercropping under Organic, Biological and Chemical Fertilizer Treatments 17 32 5592 FA Shafighe Sakhavi Rouhollah Amini Mohammad Reza Shakiba Adel Dabbagh Mohammadi-Nasab Journal Article 2016 03 13 Abstract The effect of chemical and biological fertilizer treatments on intercropping of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) evaluated in factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with 15 treatments and three replications at the Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz in 2014. The first factor was including five cropping systems including monoculture of faba bean, monoculture of cumin; three replacement intercropping patterns including row intercropping of faba bean with cumin (1 row faba bean-1 row cumin); strip intercropping as 2 rows faba bean-2 row cumin and 4 rows faba bean-4 rows cumin. The second factor was three levels of fertilizers including 100% chemical fertilizer (50 kg.ha-1 urea+150 kg.ha-1 triple superphosphate), 50% chemical fertilizer + biofertilizer (Azoto barvar + Barvar 2) and Vermicompost (10 ton.ha-1). Results showed that the highest faba bean leaf number was devoted to the 100% chemical fertilizer. The highest values for faba bean yield components were observed in 1:1 intercropping pattern. The highest land equivalent ratio and relative yield total at all fertilizer levels was devoted to 1-1 row intercropping. Also at 2:2 strip intercropping pattern the Vermicompost fertilizer had the highest land equivalent ratio (1.35). The highest relative value total was obtained in 1:1 row intercropping pattern with application of 100% chemical fertilizer that indicates the economic advantage of this planting pattern. Abstract The effect of chemical and biological fertilizer treatments on intercropping of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) evaluated in factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with 15 treatments and three replications at the Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz in 2014. The first factor was including five cropping systems including monoculture of faba bean, monoculture of cumin; three replacement intercropping patterns including row intercropping of faba bean with cumin (1 row faba bean-1 row cumin); strip intercropping as 2 rows faba bean-2 row cumin and 4 rows faba bean-4 rows cumin. The second factor was three levels of fertilizers including 100% chemical fertilizer (50 kg.ha-1 urea+150 kg.ha-1 triple superphosphate), 50% chemical fertilizer + biofertilizer (Azoto barvar + Barvar 2) and Vermicompost (10 ton.ha-1). Results showed that the highest faba bean leaf number was devoted to the 100% chemical fertilizer. The highest values for faba bean yield components were observed in 1:1 intercropping pattern. The highest land equivalent ratio and relative yield total at all fertilizer levels was devoted to 1-1 row intercropping. Also at 2:2 strip intercropping pattern the Vermicompost fertilizer had the highest land equivalent ratio (1.35). The highest relative value total was obtained in 1:1 row intercropping pattern with application of 100% chemical fertilizer that indicates the economic advantage of this planting pattern.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_5592_a3dd64c3164ed8bc095d7ce763f8d025.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 26 4 2017 01 15 The Effect of Some Bacterial Isolates on Root Growth and Nutrient Uptake in Corn (Zea mays L.) The Effect of Some Bacterial Isolates on Root Growth and Nutrient Uptake in Corn (Zea mays L.) 33 47 5593 FA Shokufeh Moradi Mohammad Reza Sarikhani Naser Aliasgharzad Journal Article 2016 02 01 Root initiation can be influenced by microbial inoculation and microbial auxin. Auxin production is known as one of plant growth promoting characteristics of bacteria. This hormone has main role in root-initiation. Thus, in a factorial experiment the ability of some bacterial isolates (25 isolates) were assessed in in-vitro condition. Results showed that auxin-production by the isolates in NF medium containing 0 and 100 mg.kg-1 of tryptophan varied from 0.75-2.28 mg.l-1 The highest and lowest amount of auxin were measured by Az-3 and Az-48, respectively. Furthermore, in order to study the effect of isolates inoculation on root initiation and general growth of corn, a completely randomized design experiment were carried out. In the whole period of experiment all nutrient solution were added to the pots via Hogland solution, since the sterile sand or inert medium were used as the bed of pot culture. Maximum volume of roots were observed in the isolates Az-13 and Az-73 by the volume of 47.67 and 38.67 cm3 respectively, whereas Az-8 had the highest root dry matter. Maximum total dry weight was gained by isolate Az-48. Nutrient analysis in dry tissue of corn showed that Az-48 had highest uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and iron with the value of 80.66, 10.85, 241.2 and 4.67 mg.pot-1 Our results showed that although Az-48 had lowest auxin-production ability in in-vitro assay but in pot culture it was very efficient and it seems that other mechanisms play the role in this increment. Root initiation can be influenced by microbial inoculation and microbial auxin. Auxin production is known as one of plant growth promoting characteristics of bacteria. This hormone has main role in root-initiation. Thus, in a factorial experiment the ability of some bacterial isolates (25 isolates) were assessed in in-vitro condition. Results showed that auxin-production by the isolates in NF medium containing 0 and 100 mg.kg-1 of tryptophan varied from 0.75-2.28 mg.l-1 The highest and lowest amount of auxin were measured by Az-3 and Az-48, respectively. Furthermore, in order to study the effect of isolates inoculation on root initiation and general growth of corn, a completely randomized design experiment were carried out. In the whole period of experiment all nutrient solution were added to the pots via Hogland solution, since the sterile sand or inert medium were used as the bed of pot culture. Maximum volume of roots were observed in the isolates Az-13 and Az-73 by the volume of 47.67 and 38.67 cm3 respectively, whereas Az-8 had the highest root dry matter. Maximum total dry weight was gained by isolate Az-48. Nutrient analysis in dry tissue of corn showed that Az-48 had highest uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and iron with the value of 80.66, 10.85, 241.2 and 4.67 mg.pot-1 Our results showed that although Az-48 had lowest auxin-production ability in in-vitro assay but in pot culture it was very efficient and it seems that other mechanisms play the role in this increment.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_5593_93919da91f9622aa3f14d0ce318a3621.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 26 4 2017 01 15 The Effect of Various Input Intensities on Yield and Yield Components of Common Bean Varieties The Effect of Various Input Intensities on Yield and Yield Components of Common Bean Varieties 49 61 5594 FA Hassan Hasan Shahgholi Mohammad Reza Asgharipour Isa Khamari Adel Ghadiri Journal Article 2016 02 21 In order to examine the effects ofdifferent intensities of input on seed yield and yield components of bean varieties an experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in National Bean Research Station at Khomeyn. Treatments were different intensities of inputs; including ecological, integrated, low-input, medium-input and high-input comprising the main-treatments and different bean varieties (navy bean cv. Dorsa, kidney bean cv.Ks-31169 and pinto bean cv. Sadri) as sub-treatments. Different inputs intensities included frequency of tillage operations and various amounts of fertilizer, pesticides, seeds and irrigation. High-input and ecological systems had the least and the highest tillage operations with 2 and 7 tillages, respectively. Nutrients in low-, medium- and high-input were supplied by chemical fertilizer, in ecological system by manure and in combination of manure and chemical fertilizer. Control of pest and weed in high-input were conducted by chemical methods, in integrated, low- and medium-input system by combination of chemical and physical methods and in ecological system by physical method. The greatest quantity of stem length and diameter, and seed number was observed in high-input of navy bean, while the greatest pod number and length, and seed length obtained in integrated production system of navy bean. The highest diameter of pod and seed, biological yield and harvest index, however, was observed in integrated production system of pinto bean and the highest seed weight obtained in high-input production system. Integrated production system of pinto bean had 53% higher biological yield, 26% higher harvest index and integrated production system of navy bean had 53% higher seed weight over the low-input production system of navy bean. This result suggest that bean production under integrated systems addition to acceptable yield save application of inputs. In order to examine the effects ofdifferent intensities of input on seed yield and yield components of bean varieties an experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in National Bean Research Station at Khomeyn. Treatments were different intensities of inputs; including ecological, integrated, low-input, medium-input and high-input comprising the main-treatments and different bean varieties (navy bean cv. Dorsa, kidney bean cv.Ks-31169 and pinto bean cv. Sadri) as sub-treatments. Different inputs intensities included frequency of tillage operations and various amounts of fertilizer, pesticides, seeds and irrigation. High-input and ecological systems had the least and the highest tillage operations with 2 and 7 tillages, respectively. Nutrients in low-, medium- and high-input were supplied by chemical fertilizer, in ecological system by manure and in combination of manure and chemical fertilizer. Control of pest and weed in high-input were conducted by chemical methods, in integrated, low- and medium-input system by combination of chemical and physical methods and in ecological system by physical method. The greatest quantity of stem length and diameter, and seed number was observed in high-input of navy bean, while the greatest pod number and length, and seed length obtained in integrated production system of navy bean. The highest diameter of pod and seed, biological yield and harvest index, however, was observed in integrated production system of pinto bean and the highest seed weight obtained in high-input production system. Integrated production system of pinto bean had 53% higher biological yield, 26% higher harvest index and integrated production system of navy bean had 53% higher seed weight over the low-input production system of navy bean. This result suggest that bean production under integrated systems addition to acceptable yield save application of inputs.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_5594_155b22c05216d9c7030da8aad4c6c340.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 26 4 2017 01 15 Assessing the Yield and Growth Characteristics of Alfalfa Ecotypes in Soil Salinity Condition by Inoculation of Sinorhizobium Meliloti Salt Resistant Strains Assessing the Yield and Growth Characteristics of Alfalfa Ecotypes in Soil Salinity Condition by Inoculation of Sinorhizobium Meliloti Salt Resistant Strains 63 79 5595 FA Alireza Tavasolee Kazem Khavazi Hasan Monirifar Hossein Besharati Nader Mirfakhraei Mahdieh Shmshirpour Sedgali Zamani Journal Article 2017 01 16 This experiment was conducted in a split plot design in order to evaluate the effect of three ecotypes of alfalfa inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti strains resistant to salinity on yield and yield components in the East Azarbaigan agricultural research and natural resources center during the years 2011-2014. Three strains of Sinorhizobium meliloti were the main factor that selected based on the in-vitro salt tolerance testing and greenhouse evaluation. Three ecotypes of alfalfa including Garayonje, Hamedani and Malekkandy were subploted. Selected strains of rhizobium inoculated with three ecotypes of alfalfa'seed and cultivated in a soil with EC= 7.3 dS.m-1 and their effects were investigated on the number of stem per square meter, plant height and fresh and dry matter yield. The results showed that, interaction between rhizobia strains and alfalfa ecotypes was meaningful on the number of stem per square meter, fresh and dry forage yield. The highest number of stems per square meter (377) achieved with non inoculated Malekkandy ecotype. The highest dry matter achieved by Hamadani ecotype that inoculated with the strain No. 7 and Malekkandy ecotype inoculated with strains No. 10 and 5, that these strains produced forage 5.52, 5.05 and 5.02 tons per hectare, respectively. The results show that rhizobium strains that have well symbiosis with alfalfa ecotype may have better plant growth and increase feed production, maintaining soil fertility and achieve sustainability in agriculture in areas with salinity strsses. This experiment was conducted in a split plot design in order to evaluate the effect of three ecotypes of alfalfa inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti strains resistant to salinity on yield and yield components in the East Azarbaigan agricultural research and natural resources center during the years 2011-2014. Three strains of Sinorhizobium meliloti were the main factor that selected based on the in-vitro salt tolerance testing and greenhouse evaluation. Three ecotypes of alfalfa including Garayonje, Hamedani and Malekkandy were subploted. Selected strains of rhizobium inoculated with three ecotypes of alfalfa'seed and cultivated in a soil with EC= 7.3 dS.m-1 and their effects were investigated on the number of stem per square meter, plant height and fresh and dry matter yield. The results showed that, interaction between rhizobia strains and alfalfa ecotypes was meaningful on the number of stem per square meter, fresh and dry forage yield. The highest number of stems per square meter (377) achieved with non inoculated Malekkandy ecotype. The highest dry matter achieved by Hamadani ecotype that inoculated with the strain No. 7 and Malekkandy ecotype inoculated with strains No. 10 and 5, that these strains produced forage 5.52, 5.05 and 5.02 tons per hectare, respectively. The results show that rhizobium strains that have well symbiosis with alfalfa ecotype may have better plant growth and increase feed production, maintaining soil fertility and achieve sustainability in agriculture in areas with salinity strsses.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_5595_b4e488d6b442e03bdfb893591433e0b9.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 26 4 2017 01 15 Evaluation of Grain ed and Oil Yields in Spring Genotypes of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) under Different Water Deficit Levels Evaluation of Grain ed and Oil Yields in Spring Genotypes of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) under Different Water Deficit Levels 81 89 5596 FA Bahman Pasban Eslam Journal Article 2016 02 18 Evaluation of drought effects on some physiological traits relevant to drought tolerance, seed and oil yields, yield components and recognizing tolerant oilseed rape genotypes were the goals of research. The experiment was conducted as split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in East Azarbaijan Research and Education Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources during 2015.The experimental factors were drought stress with three levels: non-stressed and drought stress from flowering and pod formation stages and genotype in 5 levels: RGS003, Zafar, Sarigol, Zarfam and Dalgan. Occurring drought from flowering and pod formation stages led to significant increase in leaf temperature and significant decrease in leaf relative water content, stomatal conductance, pods per plant, 1000 seeds weight, seed and oil yields. But the effects of drought from flowering stage were too hard. In case of water resources limitation, irrigation during flowering stage will be more important than pod formation stage. The existence of significantly negative correlation among leaf temperatures and significantly positive correlations among leaf relative water content, stomatal conductance with the pods per plant, 1000 seeds weight, seed and oil yields showed that, these traits can indicate drought effects on spring oilseed rape. Also the existence of significantly positive correlations among the pods per plant and 1000 seeds weight with seed and oil yields, showed that, drought reduced yields via decreasing these components. All of studied genotypes indicated similar performance under non-stressed condition. But under drought conditions, RGS003 indicated higher seed and oil yields. Evaluation of drought effects on some physiological traits relevant to drought tolerance, seed and oil yields, yield components and recognizing tolerant oilseed rape genotypes were the goals of research. The experiment was conducted as split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in East Azarbaijan Research and Education Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources during 2015.The experimental factors were drought stress with three levels: non-stressed and drought stress from flowering and pod formation stages and genotype in 5 levels: RGS003, Zafar, Sarigol, Zarfam and Dalgan. Occurring drought from flowering and pod formation stages led to significant increase in leaf temperature and significant decrease in leaf relative water content, stomatal conductance, pods per plant, 1000 seeds weight, seed and oil yields. But the effects of drought from flowering stage were too hard. In case of water resources limitation, irrigation during flowering stage will be more important than pod formation stage. The existence of significantly negative correlation among leaf temperatures and significantly positive correlations among leaf relative water content, stomatal conductance with the pods per plant, 1000 seeds weight, seed and oil yields showed that, these traits can indicate drought effects on spring oilseed rape. Also the existence of significantly positive correlations among the pods per plant and 1000 seeds weight with seed and oil yields, showed that, drought reduced yields via decreasing these components. All of studied genotypes indicated similar performance under non-stressed condition. But under drought conditions, RGS003 indicated higher seed and oil yields.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_5596_00e33d5c586af17b075faedfb05e7990.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 26 4 2017 01 15 Conservation Tillage Effect as Residue Maintaining on Potato Yield Conservation Tillage Effect as Residue Maintaining on Potato Yield 91 101 5597 FA Zaynolabedin Omidmehr Alireza Mohammadi Abolfazl Hedayatipoor Journal Article 2014 08 04 The effect of different seedbed preparation on potato yield, were studied in Agricultural Research Center of Semnan (Shahrood) in 2007-2009 periods. A RCBD based strip-block experiment with 4 replications was used, that horizontal factor included tillage methods as 1-Moldboard plowing, 2-Disk plowing, 3-fall chisel plowing and 4-spring chisel plowing and vertical factor included three potato cultivars (Agria, Deraga and Sante).Results of combined analysis (2007and 2009) showed, crop yield differences among tillage methods were significant, Maximum of tuber yield per hectare was related to spring chisel plowing (31.1t.ha-1).Soil inversion percent was significant among tillage treatments. Maximum and minimum of soil inversion percent was related to Moldboard plough (72/25%) and chisel plough (39.5%), respectively. Soil organic carbon was significant treatments among tillage methods. Maximum and minimum of Soil organic carbon was belonged to chisel (0.45%) and moldboard (0.28%) plowing, respectively. Regard to crop yield and chisel plough advantages, moldboard plough can be replaced with chisel plough. The effect of different seedbed preparation on potato yield, were studied in Agricultural Research Center of Semnan (Shahrood) in 2007-2009 periods. A RCBD based strip-block experiment with 4 replications was used, that horizontal factor included tillage methods as 1-Moldboard plowing, 2-Disk plowing, 3-fall chisel plowing and 4-spring chisel plowing and vertical factor included three potato cultivars (Agria, Deraga and Sante).Results of combined analysis (2007and 2009) showed, crop yield differences among tillage methods were significant, Maximum of tuber yield per hectare was related to spring chisel plowing (31.1t.ha-1).Soil inversion percent was significant among tillage treatments. Maximum and minimum of soil inversion percent was related to Moldboard plough (72/25%) and chisel plough (39.5%), respectively. Soil organic carbon was significant treatments among tillage methods. Maximum and minimum of Soil organic carbon was belonged to chisel (0.45%) and moldboard (0.28%) plowing, respectively. Regard to crop yield and chisel plough advantages, moldboard plough can be replaced with chisel plough.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_5597_aace97be09531c62a5e880c29ef71598.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 26 4 2017 01 15 The Effects of Organic Manures, Soil Cover and Drying Temperature on Some Growth and Phytochemical Characteristics of Calendula officinalis The Effects of Organic Manures, Soil Cover and Drying Temperature on Some Growth and Phytochemical Characteristics of Calendula officinalis 103 112 5607 FA Lamia Vojodi Mehrabani Rana Valizadeh Kamran Kambiz Azizpour Journal Article 2016 03 06 Two separate experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of some pre and post -harvest treatments on growth characteristics of Calendula officinalis. The first experiment as RCBD with three replication studied the effects of organic fertilizers as vermicompost, cow and poultry manure with control plus soil cover (plastic white and black). Organic manure application +mulch had positive effects on flower fresh weight. The greatest amount for chlorophyll b content was recorded in vermicompost + black plastic cover. In the second experiment, the effects of nutrition with organic manure +soil cover and post-harvest flower drying temperature (natural drying in shade condition and oven drying at 40 and 60 0C) as a factorial based on RCBD were evaluated. The highest methanolic extract amount and total anthocyanin content were recorded with vermicompost + black cover + natural drying. For essential oil content and carotenoids gross amount poultry manure + black cover and drying at 60 0C was the preferred treatments. The highest recorded data for total flavonoids was traced in vermicompot and cow manure with white cover at natural drying condition. For total phenolics content, cow manure + black cover at 40 0C used for drying was selected as the treatment of choice. Also, vermicompost+ black mulch and natural drying were nice treatment combinations for the highest total phenolics content. In total, all the treatment applied i.e. organic manures, soil covers and drying methods at varying levels and combinations had suitable effectiveness on the growth characteristics and phytochemicals content of Calendula officinalis. Two separate experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of some pre and post -harvest treatments on growth characteristics of Calendula officinalis. The first experiment as RCBD with three replication studied the effects of organic fertilizers as vermicompost, cow and poultry manure with control plus soil cover (plastic white and black). Organic manure application +mulch had positive effects on flower fresh weight. The greatest amount for chlorophyll b content was recorded in vermicompost + black plastic cover. In the second experiment, the effects of nutrition with organic manure +soil cover and post-harvest flower drying temperature (natural drying in shade condition and oven drying at 40 and 60 0C) as a factorial based on RCBD were evaluated. The highest methanolic extract amount and total anthocyanin content were recorded with vermicompost + black cover + natural drying. For essential oil content and carotenoids gross amount poultry manure + black cover and drying at 60 0C was the preferred treatments. The highest recorded data for total flavonoids was traced in vermicompot and cow manure with white cover at natural drying condition. For total phenolics content, cow manure + black cover at 40 0C used for drying was selected as the treatment of choice. Also, vermicompost+ black mulch and natural drying were nice treatment combinations for the highest total phenolics content. In total, all the treatment applied i.e. organic manures, soil covers and drying methods at varying levels and combinations had suitable effectiveness on the growth characteristics and phytochemicals content of Calendula officinalis.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_5607_26ed5c5aa331736aeabf8630d1deff8c.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 26 4 2017 01 15 Yield and Yield Components of Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) Influenced by Mycorrhiza, Vermicompost and Nanofertilizer Yield and Yield Components of Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) Influenced by Mycorrhiza, Vermicompost and Nanofertilizer 113 128 5608 FA Seyyed Ali Razzaghifard Abdolghayoum Gholipouri Ahmad Tobeh Mousavi Meshkini Journal Article 2016 02 11 The effect of mycorrhiza, vermicompost and nanofertilizer on yield and yield components of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.), studied at research farm of Mianeh Branch, Islamic Azad University in 2014. A split-plot factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Three levels of vermicompost (0, 10 and 20 ton.ha-1) allocated in main plots and two levels of mycorrhiza (nonapplication and application) and foliar spray of three levels of nano micro-full chelate fertilizer (0 0/00, 2 0/00 and 4 0/00) allocated to subplots. The results indicated that vermicompost and interaction of vermicompost and nanofertilizer had significant effect on fruit weight, total dry weight, seed weight per fruit, number of seed per fruit, seed yield, fruit yield and fruit diameter. Also effects of nanofertilizer and interaction of vermicompost, mycorrhiza and nanofertilizer on fruit weight, fruit diameter and fruit yield was significant. The Maximum seed yield (418.84 kg.ha-1) and fruit yield (25552.30 kg.ha-1) were obtained from V2N2 and V2M0N1 treatments, respectively. The Minimum seed yield (145.17 kg.ha-1) andfruit yield (1870.17 kg.ha-1) were belonged to V0 and V0M0N0 treatments, respectively. Therefore, consumption of 20 t.ha-1 vermicompost with spraying nanofertilizer is suggested to obtain acceptable yield in pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.). The effect of mycorrhiza, vermicompost and nanofertilizer on yield and yield components of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.), studied at research farm of Mianeh Branch, Islamic Azad University in 2014. A split-plot factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Three levels of vermicompost (0, 10 and 20 ton.ha-1) allocated in main plots and two levels of mycorrhiza (nonapplication and application) and foliar spray of three levels of nano micro-full chelate fertilizer (0 0/00, 2 0/00 and 4 0/00) allocated to subplots. The results indicated that vermicompost and interaction of vermicompost and nanofertilizer had significant effect on fruit weight, total dry weight, seed weight per fruit, number of seed per fruit, seed yield, fruit yield and fruit diameter. Also effects of nanofertilizer and interaction of vermicompost, mycorrhiza and nanofertilizer on fruit weight, fruit diameter and fruit yield was significant. The Maximum seed yield (418.84 kg.ha-1) and fruit yield (25552.30 kg.ha-1) were obtained from V2N2 and V2M0N1 treatments, respectively. The Minimum seed yield (145.17 kg.ha-1) andfruit yield (1870.17 kg.ha-1) were belonged to V0 and V0M0N0 treatments, respectively. Therefore, consumption of 20 t.ha-1 vermicompost with spraying nanofertilizer is suggested to obtain acceptable yield in pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.).

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_5608_5c1e34d15d4b281341638920f2bf8bed.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 26 4 2017 01 15 The Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria, Chemical Fertilizer and Humic Acid on Morpho-physiological Characteristics of Basil (Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflorum) The Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria, Chemical Fertilizer and Humic Acid on Morpho-physiological Characteristics of Basil (Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflorum) 129 142 5609 FA Anahita Boveiri Dehsheikh Mohammad Mahmoodi Sourestani Maryam Zolfaghari Naeemeh Enayatizamir Journal Article 2016 04 09 The application of chemical fertilizers and investigating the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and humic acid on morpho-physiological parameters of basil, studied by factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at experimental farm of Shahid Chamran University in 2015. First factor was 6 types of fertilizer treatments (control, Azetobarvar1, Phosphatebarvar2, combination of biological fertilizers, chemical fertilizer, combination of biological fertilizers+chemical fertilizer (50%)) and second factor included humic acid (0 and 20 kg.ha-1). Morphological (plant height, leaf number and leaf area, fresh and dry weights of aerial parts) and physiological traits (chlorophyll a, b, total, carotenoid, net photosynthesis rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E), water use efficiency (WUE) and radiation use efficiency (RUE)) were measured at onset of flowering stage. The result showed that interaction between biofertilizer and humic acid on plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry weights of aerial parts, chlorophyll total, Pn and QY was significant. Also, the simple effect of biofertilizer leads to a significant increase in leaf number, chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoid. In often parameters, combination of biological fertilizers+chemical fertilizer (50%)+humic acid caused significant increase in compare with control but did not show significant difference with chemical fertilizer and combination of biological fertilizers+chemical fertilizer (50%)+humic acid. The application of biological fertilizers can be consider as a suitable way to replace part of chemical fertilizers. The application of chemical fertilizers and investigating the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and humic acid on morpho-physiological parameters of basil, studied by factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at experimental farm of Shahid Chamran University in 2015. First factor was 6 types of fertilizer treatments (control, Azetobarvar1, Phosphatebarvar2, combination of biological fertilizers, chemical fertilizer, combination of biological fertilizers+chemical fertilizer (50%)) and second factor included humic acid (0 and 20 kg.ha-1). Morphological (plant height, leaf number and leaf area, fresh and dry weights of aerial parts) and physiological traits (chlorophyll a, b, total, carotenoid, net photosynthesis rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E), water use efficiency (WUE) and radiation use efficiency (RUE)) were measured at onset of flowering stage. The result showed that interaction between biofertilizer and humic acid on plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry weights of aerial parts, chlorophyll total, Pn and QY was significant. Also, the simple effect of biofertilizer leads to a significant increase in leaf number, chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoid. In often parameters, combination of biological fertilizers+chemical fertilizer (50%)+humic acid caused significant increase in compare with control but did not show significant difference with chemical fertilizer and combination of biological fertilizers+chemical fertilizer (50%)+humic acid. The application of biological fertilizers can be consider as a suitable way to replace part of chemical fertilizers.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_5609_f3e4d31d8b80c512336a735d67ec5500.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 26 4 2017 01 15 Evaluting the Nutrient Uptake and Tomato Growth by Pseudomonads Isolates and Mineral Potassium levels Evaluting the Nutrient Uptake and Tomato Growth by Pseudomonads Isolates and Mineral Potassium levels 143 156 5610 FA Masumieh Deilamirad Mohammad Reza Sarikhani Shahen گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز Journal Article 2016 01 25 Potassium is an essential macronutrient for plants that plays many important roles in the plant growth and development as well as in the quality of crops. In this study the effect of five bacterial strains belong to Pseudomonas genus including S6-6, S10-3, S14-3, S19-1 and S21-1 were assessed on the growth and K uptake by tomato plant in the non-sterile soil with low available potassium (less than 200 mg.kg-1). The experiment was conducted factorial based on CRD with three replications. The first factor consisted of bacterial inoculum (5 strains and control) and the second factor consisted of three levels of potassium fertilizer, 0 kg.ha-1, 50% (150 kg.ha-1) and 100% of the recommended amount (300 kg.ha-1), respectively. The results showed that maximum amount of wet and dry weight was gained at 50% of K fertilizer, while with application of K (300 kg.ha-1) fertilizer it was decreased. The main effects of bacteria were significant on yield, chlorophyll index, content of K, the concentration of P, Fe, Zn, Mg and Ca. The highest amount of wet and dry weight of shoot was obtained with S6-6 (54.76 g.pot-1 and 7.76 g.pot-1). The highest amount of root dry weight was measured with S14-3 (1.2 g.pot-1), S19-1 (1.17 g.pot-1) and S21-1 (1.16 g.pot-1). From the nutritional view of point two isolates, S21-1 and S14-3 were better than the other isolates. The highest concentration of shoot P, Fe and concentration of root Mg and P belonged to the S21-1. The highest concentration of shoot Mg and P was by the S14-3. All the bacterial strains at 50% level of K fertilizer (150 kg.ha-1) had better yield and maximum wet and dry weight of shoot was measured with strain S6-6 (62.066 g.pot-1 and 9.203 g.pot-1) at 150 kg.ha-1 level of K fertilizer. Potassium is an essential macronutrient for plants that plays many important roles in the plant growth and development as well as in the quality of crops. In this study the effect of five bacterial strains belong to Pseudomonas genus including S6-6, S10-3, S14-3, S19-1 and S21-1 were assessed on the growth and K uptake by tomato plant in the non-sterile soil with low available potassium (less than 200 mg.kg-1). The experiment was conducted factorial based on CRD with three replications. The first factor consisted of bacterial inoculum (5 strains and control) and the second factor consisted of three levels of potassium fertilizer, 0 kg.ha-1, 50% (150 kg.ha-1) and 100% of the recommended amount (300 kg.ha-1), respectively. The results showed that maximum amount of wet and dry weight was gained at 50% of K fertilizer, while with application of K (300 kg.ha-1) fertilizer it was decreased. The main effects of bacteria were significant on yield, chlorophyll index, content of K, the concentration of P, Fe, Zn, Mg and Ca. The highest amount of wet and dry weight of shoot was obtained with S6-6 (54.76 g.pot-1 and 7.76 g.pot-1). The highest amount of root dry weight was measured with S14-3 (1.2 g.pot-1), S19-1 (1.17 g.pot-1) and S21-1 (1.16 g.pot-1). From the nutritional view of point two isolates, S21-1 and S14-3 were better than the other isolates. The highest concentration of shoot P, Fe and concentration of root Mg and P belonged to the S21-1. The highest concentration of shoot Mg and P was by the S14-3. All the bacterial strains at 50% level of K fertilizer (150 kg.ha-1) had better yield and maximum wet and dry weight of shoot was measured with strain S6-6 (62.066 g.pot-1 and 9.203 g.pot-1) at 150 kg.ha-1 level of K fertilizer.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_5610_376f7d6a575df04d65ff649c52d1593c.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 26 4 2017 01 15 Morphological Characteristics and Essential Oil Production of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under Application of Nitrogen and Iron Morphological Characteristics and Essential Oil Production of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under Application of Nitrogen and Iron 157 166 5611 FA Mohsen Phanahinia Mohsen Sanikhani Azizollah Kheiri Journal Article 2016 05 05 Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants that its essential oil utilized in different medicinal industries. In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen and iron nutrients on morphological characteristics and essential oil content and yield of Sweet Basil, this research was performed in agricultural research farm of the University of Zanjan. The experiment conducted based on randomized complete block design in factorial arrangements with three replications. Factors include four levels of nitrogen (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg.ha-1) as urea and iron in three levels (0, 2 and 4 g.L-1) as nano iron chelate. Results showed that nitrogen and iron applications significantly influenced on number of lateral branches, number of nodes, plant height, fresh and dry weight, essential oil content and total essential oil production. The highest content of essential oil (i.e. 0.84%) was recorded in 2 g.L-1 iron followed by the combination of 2 g.L-1 iron plus 180 kg.ha-1 nitrogen (i.e. 0.79%) compared to 0.51% essential oil in control treatment. The highest fresh and dry weight, and total essential oil production was recorded in 2 g.L-1 iron in combination with 180 kg.ha-1 nitrogen. In this treatment the total essential oil production (13.6 kg.ha-1) was reached to almost twice of the control (7.1 kg.ha-1). Collectively the results showed that the best treatment for highest vegetative growth leading to high fresh and dry weight and essential oil production achieved in 2 g.L-1 iron in combination with 180 kg.ha-1 nitrogen. Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants that its essential oil utilized in different medicinal industries. In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen and iron nutrients on morphological characteristics and essential oil content and yield of Sweet Basil, this research was performed in agricultural research farm of the University of Zanjan. The experiment conducted based on randomized complete block design in factorial arrangements with three replications. Factors include four levels of nitrogen (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg.ha-1) as urea and iron in three levels (0, 2 and 4 g.L-1) as nano iron chelate. Results showed that nitrogen and iron applications significantly influenced on number of lateral branches, number of nodes, plant height, fresh and dry weight, essential oil content and total essential oil production. The highest content of essential oil (i.e. 0.84%) was recorded in 2 g.L-1 iron followed by the combination of 2 g.L-1 iron plus 180 kg.ha-1 nitrogen (i.e. 0.79%) compared to 0.51% essential oil in control treatment. The highest fresh and dry weight, and total essential oil production was recorded in 2 g.L-1 iron in combination with 180 kg.ha-1 nitrogen. In this treatment the total essential oil production (13.6 kg.ha-1) was reached to almost twice of the control (7.1 kg.ha-1). Collectively the results showed that the best treatment for highest vegetative growth leading to high fresh and dry weight and essential oil production achieved in 2 g.L-1 iron in combination with 180 kg.ha-1 nitrogen.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_5611_9fd7bfdd500a90f9a63e3f3ad40f1cd6.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 26 4 2017 01 15 Analysis of the Barriers to Development of Conservation Agriculture in Iran Analysis of the Barriers to Development of Conservation Agriculture in Iran 167 184 5612 FA Somaye Latifi Hossein Raheli Hossein Yadavar Heshmatollah Saadi Journal Article 2016 05 16 In Iran, conservation agriculture (CA) has become a national strategy for the agricultural sector to decrease soil erosion, combat the emerging water crisis, and to reduce the high cost associated with conventional agricultural production. The objective of this article was to identify the barriers which prevent the development of CA in Iran. The statistical population of the study was members of CA technical and technology committee, CA-based applied research and delivery hubs and CA executive experts from 9 leading provinces in the field of conservation agriculture that a sample of 264 experts was selected through purposive sampling method. The survey instrument was a questionnaire that designed based on the result of literature review and interviews with CA experts. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by a panel of experts. Additionally, Cronbach alpha reliability coefficients of the pilot study assessment were used to refine the questions for the final questionnaire (α= 0.90). According to results of EFA, the most Important barriers to CA development were low coordination between organizations, low knowledge of related factors, inappropriate subsidies policy, low fertility of soils and slight economic efficiency of products in the first years of the conservation agriculture. In Iran, conservation agriculture (CA) has become a national strategy for the agricultural sector to decrease soil erosion, combat the emerging water crisis, and to reduce the high cost associated with conventional agricultural production. The objective of this article was to identify the barriers which prevent the development of CA in Iran. The statistical population of the study was members of CA technical and technology committee, CA-based applied research and delivery hubs and CA executive experts from 9 leading provinces in the field of conservation agriculture that a sample of 264 experts was selected through purposive sampling method. The survey instrument was a questionnaire that designed based on the result of literature review and interviews with CA experts. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by a panel of experts. Additionally, Cronbach alpha reliability coefficients of the pilot study assessment were used to refine the questions for the final questionnaire (α= 0.90). According to results of EFA, the most Important barriers to CA development were low coordination between organizations, low knowledge of related factors, inappropriate subsidies policy, low fertility of soils and slight economic efficiency of products in the first years of the conservation agriculture.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_5612_cd38b8a363d1abbda76b285b1ffdf8e0.pdf

University of Tabriz Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 2476-4310 26 4 2017 01 15 Determination of Optimal Cropping Pattern Emphasizing Sustainability of Natural Resources and Environment in Orzoyeh District Determination of Optimal Cropping Pattern Emphasizing Sustainability of Natural Resources and Environment in Orzoyeh District 185 195 5613 FA Behnam Sadeghi Goghari Mahmoud Ahmadpour Borazjani Journal Article 2015 05 31 Water, soil, Vegetation and other natural resources, will be sustainable and useable permanently when they use scientifically and consciously. If the resources are used irregularly, this action will cause to stop renewing resources and they will be mortal. In current study, we used fuzzy goal programming for determining of optimal cropping pattern which emphasizes sustainability of natural resources and environment. For this purpose, four fuzzy goals include profit maximization; irrigation water minimization, fertilizers minimization and pesticides minimization were considered in four scenarios. Requirement data were collected by questionnaire and from Kerman province Jihad Keshavarzi documents. Four optimal cropping patterns were represented by considering different weights for goals. Results illustrated in those scenarios that natural resource conservation and production sustainability have priority, the activities that need require less water, fertilizers and pesticides are more into the cropping pattern. On the contrary, in that scenario that profit maximization has the most weight, the cropping pattern limited to watermelon and potato activities. Because have the highest profit in hectare, although use the most water. Therefore, considering natural resources and environmental sustainability approaches are effective on optimal cropping pattern determination. Water, soil, Vegetation and other natural resources, will be sustainable and useable permanently when they use scientifically and consciously. If the resources are used irregularly, this action will cause to stop renewing resources and they will be mortal. In current study, we used fuzzy goal programming for determining of optimal cropping pattern which emphasizes sustainability of natural resources and environment. For this purpose, four fuzzy goals include profit maximization; irrigation water minimization, fertilizers minimization and pesticides minimization were considered in four scenarios. Requirement data were collected by questionnaire and from Kerman province Jihad Keshavarzi documents. Four optimal cropping patterns were represented by considering different weights for goals. Results illustrated in those scenarios that natural resource conservation and production sustainability have priority, the activities that need require less water, fertilizers and pesticides are more into the cropping pattern. On the contrary, in that scenario that profit maximization has the most weight, the cropping pattern limited to watermelon and potato activities. Because have the highest profit in hectare, although use the most water. Therefore, considering natural resources and environmental sustainability approaches are effective on optimal cropping pattern determination.

https://sustainagriculture.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_5613_9261cc0082ababadb62086a1ae510cfb.pdf