ارزیابی پایداری زیست‌محیطی نظام‌ زراعی با استفاده از تحلیل ردپای اکولوژیک (مطالعه موردی : کشت سیب زمینی و خیار در دهستان سفالگران شهرستان بهار)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

2 گروه توسعه، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

چکیده

تحلیل ردپای اکولوژیک در کشاورزی موضوعی جدید و در حال تکامل است که میزان زمین بهره­ور مورد نیاز برای جبران اثرات زیست‌محیطی ناشی از فعالیت‌های گوناگون کشاورزی را مشخص می‌کند. در این راستا هدف اصلی تحقیق تحلیل ردپای اکولوژیکی کشت سیب زمینی و خیار در دهستان سفالگران شهرستان بهار است. رویکرد غالب پژوهش کمی و پیمایشی بوده و داده‌ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه به صورت مقطعی در سال زراعی 1395-1394 از 100 نفر کشاورز سیب زمینی کار و 50 نفر از کشت کنندگان خیار گردآوری و مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. برای ارزیابی پایداری، با در نظر گرفتن مصرف انرژی، از شاخص‌های ارزیابی زیست­محیطی براساس مصرف بذر، آب، سوخت، نیروی انسانی، کود، سموم، تولید محصولات سیب زمینی و خیار استفاده شد. معیار مقایسه هکتار جهانی حاصل از برآورد مدل ردپای اکولوژیکی در هریک از محصولات بود. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که براساس رویکرد ردپا، هر دو کشت در وضعیت ناپایدار قرار دارند و تفاوت معنی­داری بین نمره کل ردپای اکولوژیکی بر حسب هکتار جهانی در کشت سیب زمینی (03/4) و کشت خیار (23/3) وجود دارد، به طوری که کشت خیار از ناپایداری زیست­محیطی کمتری برخودار است. طبق فاکتور هکتار جهانی، هر دو کشت سیب زمینی و خیار بیش از ظرفیت اکولوژیکی یک هکتار زمین مولد بهره برداری می شوند، بدین مفهوم که زمین مورد نیاز برای جبران اثرات زیست محیطی این دو کشت کافی نیست. با این وجود ردپای اکولوژیکی فاکتور بذر برای کشت سیب زمینی با 5/24 درصد هکتار جهانی و برای کشت خیار فاکتور کود شیمیایی(نیتروژن) با 95/22 درصد بیشترین تأثیر را بر ناپایداری زیست محیطی داشته است.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Farming System Using Ecological Footprint Analysis (Case Study: Potato and Cucumber Cultivation in Sofalgaran district of Bahar County)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Payam Rezaei 1
  • Karim Naderi Mahdei 1
  • Saeed Karimi 1
  • Karwan Shanazi 2
چکیده [English]

Analysis of the ecological footprint in agriculture is a new and evolving subject that indicate, amount of land needed to compensate for the environmental effects of various agricultural activities. The main purpose of the study was to assess environmental sustainability of potato and cucumber cultivation in Sofalgaran District of Bahar County with using ecological footprint analysis. The quantitative approach and survey method were used and data was collected through questionnaires using a cross-sectional in period 2015-2016 crop years. Sample size were 100 potato farmers and 50 cucumber farmers. In order to assessing sustainability, based on energy consumption with environmental indicators such as; seed, water, fuel, labor, fertilizer, pesticides, potato and cucumber production were used. The sustainability comparison criterion was the global hectare (g ha) that calculated from the estimation of the ecological footprint model for each product. The results showed that both cultivation are considered unsustainable and there was a significant difference between the total ecological footprint per hectare in potato cultivation (4.03) and cucumber cultivation (3.23), so that cucumber cultivation has more environmental sustainability. According to the global hectare factor, both potato and cucumber cultivation are exploited more than the ecological capacity of a hectare productive land. However, ecological footprint of seed factor for potato cultivation with 24.5% of global hectare and for cultivating cucumber, fertilizer factor with 22.95% had the greatest impact on environmental unsustainability.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Analysis of the ecological footprint in agriculture is a new and evolving subject that indicate, amount of land needed to compensate for the environmental effects of various agricultural activities. The main purpose of the study was to assess environ
  • seed, water, fuel, labor, fertilizer, pesticides, potato and cucumber production were used. The sustainability comparison criterion was the global hectare (g ha) that calculated from the estimation of the ecological footprint model for each product.
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