مقایسه تأثیر شیوه‌های آبیاری و سن بوته بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد برنج (Oryza sativa L.) رقم طارم هاشمی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تاثیر شیوه­های آبیاری و سن بوته بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد برنج، پژوهشی در قالب آزمایش کرت­های خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طی سال زراعی 96-1395 در مزرعه کشاورز، استان مازندران، شهرستان محمود­آباد اجرا شد. عامل اصلی شامل شیوه آبیاری در سه سطح غرقاب، اشباع و کم­آبیاری و عامل فرعی سن بوته در سه سطح سه، چهار و پنج هفتگی بود. نتایج نشان داد اثر مدیریت­های آبیاری تنها در صفت تعداد پنجه و اثر تیمار سن بوته بر صفات تعداد پنجه، وزن خوشه، عملکرد کاه و عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت معنی­دار بود. مقایسه میانگین اثر ساده تیمار آبیاری نشان داد صفت تعداد پنجه در تیمار غرقاب بیشترین مقدار و در شیوه کم­آبیاری (بوم­شناختی) کمترین مقدار را داشت. مقایسه میانگین اثر ساده تیمار سن بوته نشان داد که صفت تعداد پنجه بارور در تیمار رایج منطقه (چهار هفتگی) بیشترین مقدار و در تیمار بوم­شناختی (سه هفتگی) کمترین مقدار بود. بررسی رگرسیون صفت وزن خوشه در تیمارهای مختلف سن بوته حاکی از کاهش آن با افزایش سن بوته بود. به این ترتیب که 5/99 درصد کاهش وزن خوشه به واسطه افزایش سن بوته بود. به طور مشابه بررسی رابطه تیمار سن بوته و عملکرد دانه نیز نشان از کاهش آن با افزایش سن بوته داشت، به طوری که با افزایش یک روز سن بوته عملکرد دانه حدود 56 کیلوگرم در هکتار کاهش یافت. با توجه به فقدان اختلاف معنی­دار عملکرد دانه در شیوه­های آبیاری و نیز عدم حصول مزیت­های شیوه بوم­شناختی در شرایط غرقاب (رایج)، تیمارهای بوم­شناختی (سطح کم­آبیاری و سن بوته سه­هفتگی) قابل توصیه است. انعطاف­پذیری در فنون پیشنهادی شیوه بوم­شناختی حاکی از وجود فرصت­هایی است که زمینه را برای حرکت به سوی پایداری کشاورزی فراهم می­کند.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of Irrigation Regimes and Seedling Age Effects on Yield and Yield Components of Rice (Oryza sativa L. var. Tarom Hashemi)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Soraya Baghitabar Firuzjaii
  • Rahmat Abbasi
  • Seyyed Yousef Mousavi Toghani
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of irrigation regimes and seedling age on rice yield and its components, present research was conducted as a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Mazandaran province, Mahmoud Abad in 2017. The main factor included the irrigation method in three levels (flooding, saturation and low-irrigation) and the sub factor of seedling age at three levels (three, four and five weeks). The results showed that the effect of irrigation management only on the number of tillers and the effect of plant age on the number of tillers, panicle weight, straw yield and grain yield and harvest index were significant. Comparison of the average effect of irrigation treatments presented that the number of tillers in the flood treatment was the highest and in the low-irrigation (ecological) method the lowest was. Comparison of mean of simple planting effect of plant age displayed that the number of fertile tillers in the conventional treatment (4 weeks) was the highest and in ecological treatment (3 weeks) was the lowest. Regression analysis of panicle weight in different treatments at plant age level indicated a decrease in panicle weight. Therefore, 99.5% of the weight loss was due to the age of the plant. Similarly, the relationship between planting age and rice yield showed a decrease in plant yield with increase of plant age. So, based on the explanatory coefficient, about 97.5% of grain yield decreased due to age.  Considering the no significant difference in grain yield at irrigation factor levels, and lack of ecological methods benefits in flooding (conventional), ecological treatments (low-irrigation level and 3th week) are recommended. The flexibility of the proposed techniques in the ecological method suggests that there are opportunities that will provide the ground for moving towards agricultural sustainability.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Convention
  • Ecologic
  • Flood
  • Low-Irrigation
  • Rice
  • Saturation
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