بازتاب کرچک (Ricinus communis L.) به محلول‌پاشی نانو کلات روی و اسید هیومیک در شرایط محدودیت آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 رشته زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد دامغان، دامغان، ایران

2 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد دامغان، دامغان، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی پاسخ­های فیزیولوژیکی کرچک به محلول­پاشی با نانو کلات روی و اسید هیومیک تحت شرایط محدودیت آبیاری، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت-فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک­های­ کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در منطقه دامغان در سال زراعی 95-1394 اجرا شد. آبیاری به‌عنوان فاکتور اصلی در سه سطح شامل آبیاری نرمال (شاهد)، آبیاری تا مرحله BBCH75 (تنش ملایم) و آبیاری تا مرحله BBCH65 (تنش شدید) و ترکیب محلول­پاشی غلظت­های مختلف اسید هیومیک (عدم مصرف، مقدار توصیه شده و دو برابر مقدار توصیه شده) و نانو کلات روی (کاربرد و عدم کاربرد) به‌عنوان فاکتور فرعی این آزمایش بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر تیمار آبیاری، اسید هیومیک و نانو کلات روی بر تعداد کپسول، تعداد دانه، وزن صد دانه، عملکرد دانه، درصد روغن و محتوای کلروفیل معنی­دار بودند. آبیاری تا BBCH65 منجر به کاهش 9/11، 9/34 ، 2/24، 9/24 و 7/51 درصدی وزن صد دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیکی، درصد و عملکرد روغن در مقایسه با تیمار آبیاری نرمال شد. با کاربرد اسید هیومیک به مقدار توصیه شده، بیشترین عملکرد دانه (8/2098 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به دست آمد. محلول­پاشی نانو کلات روی نیز به افزایش 3/14، 4/8 و  4/18 درصدی تعداد دانه، وزن صد دانه و عملکرد دانه منجر شد. بیشترین درصد روغن (4/45 درصد) و عملکرد روغن (3/943 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در آبیاری نرمال به دست آمد. عدم کاربرد اسید هیومیک و همچنین آبیاری تا BBCH65 محتوای کلروفیل برگ را کاهش داد. بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز در شرایط عدم مصرف نانو کلات روی و مصرف دو برابری اسید هیومیک تحت شرایط آبیاری تا BBCH65 مشاهده شد. درصد روغن دانه با صفات عملکردی و میزان کلروفیل کل همبستگی مثبت و با فعالیت آنزیم­های آنتی اکسیدان همبستگی منفی و معنی­دار داشت. نتایج رگرسیون نشان داد که متغیرهای تعداد کپسول، وزن صد دانه، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد روغن از اصلی­ترین عوامل مؤثر بر درصد روغن دانه بوده­اند. به‌طور کلی، محلول­پاشی اسید هیومیک به مقدار توصیه شده و نانو کلات روی، صفات رشدی و فیزیولوژیکی کرچک را بهبود بخشید و تحمل گیاه به محدودیت آبیاری را افزایش داد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Responses of Castor (Ricinus communis l.) to Foliar Application of Zinc Nano-Chelate and Humic Acid under Limited Irrigation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Rahbari 1
  • Jafar Masoud Sinaki 2
  • Ali Damavandi 2
  • Shahram Rezvan 2
چکیده [English]

In order to study the physiological responses of castor to foliar application of zinc nano-chelate and humic acid under limited irrigation, an experiment was conducted as split-factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Damghan region during 2015-16 growing season. Irrigation as the main factor in three levels including normal irrigation (control), irrigation up to 75 BBCH (mild stress) and irrigation up to 65 BBCH (severe stress). Combination of spraying various concentrations of humic acid (non-application, application of recommended rate and two-fold recommended rate) and zinc nano-chelate (application and non-application) were as subplots of this experiment. The results showed that the effect of irrigation treatment, humic acid, and zinc nano-chelate were significant on the number of capsules, number of seeds, 100-seed weight, grain yield, oil percent, and chlorophyll content. Irrigation up to 65 BBCH resulted in a reduction of 11.9, 34.9, 24.2, 24.9, and 51.7 percent in 100-seed weight, grain yield, biological yield, percent and yield of oil compared to normal irrigation. With application of humic acid based on recommended amount obtained the highest grain yield (2098.8 kg.ha-1). Foliar application of zinc nano-chelate resulted in 14.4, 8.4 and 18.4 percent increase in the grain number, 100-seed weight, and grain yield. The highest oil content (45.4%) and oil yield (943.3 kg.ha-1) were obtained in the normal irrigation. The non-application of humic acid, as well as irrigation up to 65 BBCH, led to decrease in leaf chlorophyll content. The highest activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme was observed in non-application of zinc nano-chelate and two-fold consumption of humic acid under irrigation up to 65 BBCH conditions. The seed oil percent had a positive correlation with functional traits and total chlorophyll content and had a negative and significant correlation with antioxidant enzymes activity. Regression results showed that capsule number, 100-seed weight, grain yield, and oil yield were the main factors affecting seed oil percent. In general, the application of humic acid with recommended amounts and zinc nano-chelate led to improvement of growth and physiological traits and tolerance to limited irrigation in castor plant.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant Activity
  • BBCH Scale
  • Nano-Fertilizer
  • Photosynthetic Pigment
  • Seed Oil
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