اثر آبیاری تکمیلی وکودهای زیستی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم دیم (Triticum aestivum L)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه کردستان

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه کردستان

چکیده

         به منظور بررسی تأثیر آبیاری تکمیلی و کودهای زیستی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گندم دیم آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‍های کامل تصادفی در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه کردستان در سال 93-1392 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل آبیاری در سه سطح بدون آبیاری، آبیاری در مرحله گل‌دهی و آبیاری در مرحله پرشدن دانه، و سطوح کود در پنج سطح نیتروکارا، فسفاته بارور2، نیتروکارا + فسفاته بارور2، نیتروکارا + فسفاته بارور2 +50 درصد کود شیمیایی و100 درصد کود شیمیایی بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد اثر سطوح آبیاری بر وزن خشک بوته، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد سنبلچه، تعداد دانه در سنبله، تعداد سنبله در واحد سطح، وزن هزار دانه، عمکرد دانه و درصد پروتئین­ دانه معنی‍دار بود. تیمار تلفیقی­ کود زیستی (نیتروکارا و فسفاته بارور2) همراه با کاربرد کود­شیمیایی به میزان 50 درصد بیشترین عملکرد (9/319 گرم بر مترمربع) و تیمار نیتروکارا به تنهایی (3/227 گرم بر مترمربع) کمترین عملکرد را در بین تیمارهای کودی به خود اختصاص دادند. نتایج تاثیر مثبت آبیاری تکمیلی در مراحل گلدهی و پرشدن دانه همراه با کاربرد کود زیستی نیتروکارا و فسفاته بارور2 + 50 درصد کود شیمیایی را روی وزن خشک گیاه، تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه گندم نشان داد. کاربرد تلفیقی کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی ضمن تأمین نیازهای غذایی گیاه زراعی گندم دیم و افزایش عملکرد آن، سبب کاهش قابل توجه مصرف کودهای شیمیایی می‍شود. با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش، انجام یک نوبت آبیاری تکمیلی در مرحله گل‌دهی یا پرشدن دانه در افزایش عملکرد گندم دیم مؤثر بوده است.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Supplemental Irrigation and biofertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Homayoon Jafari 1
  • Gholamreza Heidari 2
  • Shiva Khalesro 2
چکیده [English]

           The effects of supplemental irrigation and biofertilizers on yield and yield components of Sardary wheat cultivar, were studied by an field experiment as split plot based on randomized complete block design at Research Station of the University of Kurdistan in 2013-2014 growing season. Factors consisted of three irrigation levels: without irrigation, irrigation at flowering stage and irrigation during grain filling were assigned to the main plots, and five fertilizer levels: Nitrokara biofertilizer, Phosphate Barvar2 biofertilizer, Nitrokara + Phosphate Barvar2 biofertilizers, Nitrokara + Phosphate Barvar2 biofertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer and 100% chemical fertilizer were allocated to subplots. The results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of irrigation was significant on dry weight, plant height, and spike length, number of spike per unit area, seed number per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, and seed protein content. Integrated application of biological fertilizer (Nitrokara and Phosphate Barvar2) along with chemical fertilizers produced the highest seed yield (319.9 g.m-2). The lowest grain yield was obtained from Nitrokara (227.3 g.m-2) treatment. Our results showed the positive impact of irrigation at flowering and grain filling stages and inoculation of biological fertilizers (Nitrokara and phosphate Barvar2) with 50% chemical fertilizer on dry weight, number of seeds per plant, 1000-grain weight and grain yield. Integrated application of biological and chemical fertilizers while meeting the nutritional needs of the plant and incresing seed yield, could significantly reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. According to the results of this experiment, a supplementary irrigation during flowering or seed filling stage was effective in increasing the yield of rainfed wheat.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nitrokara
  • Protein
  • Supplemental Irrigation
  • Phosphate Barvar2
  • Yield
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