ارزیابی درصد میوه‌بندی و وضعیت سازگاری گرده‌افشانی در ارقام مختلف زردآلو

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

2 گروه به‌نژادی و بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

3 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

    خود ناسازگاری در درختان زردآلو (Prunus armeniaca L.) و نیاز به گرده­افشانی با سایر ارقام به ناپایداری در عملکرد درخت و عدم دستیابی به محصول تجاری منجر می­شود. اطمینان از نتیجه گرده­افشانی و تولید محصول پایدار در ارقام جدید نیازمند مطالعه سازگاری دانه گرده بین ارقام مختلف می­باشد. در این تحقیق، درصد میوه­بندی نهایی ژنوتیپ­های امیدبخش زردآلو پس از گرده­افشانی کنترل شده در شرایط مزرعه­ای طی دو سال متوالی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. همچنین سازگاری آنها با استفاده از ردیابی لوله گرده درون مادگی به کمک میکروسکوپ فلئورسنت ارزیابی گردید. وجود حداقل یک لوله گرده در حال رشد درون تخمدان 96 ساعت پس از گرده­افشانی نشانه سازگاری و توقف رشد لوله گرده درون خامه نشانه ناسازگاری ژنوتیپ­های گرده­زا و گرده­گیرنده منظور شد. بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق، ژنوتیپ­های گرده­زای GER، Aybatan، HB190، NM177 و KOSH269 با ژنوتیپ­های گرده­گیرنده از سازگاری دانه گرده برخوردار بودند. با این حال، بیشترین درصد میوه­بندی نهایی در رقم Ordoubad90 با استفاده از دانه گرده ژنوتیپ­های NM177 و Aybatan، بیشترین درصد میوه­بندی نهایی در ژنوتیپ­های ASG و AD503 با استفاده از دانه گرده ژنوتیپ­های Aybatan و GER و نهایتا بیشترین درصد میوه­بندی نهایی در ژنوتیپ AD740 با استفاده از دانه گرده ژنوتیپ­های NM177 ، Aybatan و GER به دست آمد. در میان ژنوتیپ­های گرده­گیرنده، ژنوتیپ AD503 دارای پتانسیل باروری بیشتر (47% میوه­بندی) و رقم Ordoubad90 دارای پتانسیل باروری کمتری (23% میوه­بندی) بودند. همچنین، مشاهدات میکروسکوپی نتایج حاصل از ارزیابی میوه­بندی نهایی پس از گرده­افشانی کنترل شده در باغ را تایید نمود.      
 
 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of Fruit Set Percentage and Pollen Compatibility Status in Different Apricot Cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Zarrinbal 1
  • Bahram Baghban Kohnehrouz 2
  • ali soleimani 1
  • Jalil Dejampour 3
چکیده [English]

Self-incompatibility in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) trees and their need for pollination with other cultivars results in unsustainable yield and loss of traditional production. Study of pollen compatibility among different cultivars is needed to guarantee of fertility outcome and sustainable fruit production in new apricot cultivars. In current work, the final fruit set was studied for apricot promising genotypes after controlled cross-pollination in the field conditions in two successive years. Also, their (in) compatibility statues was evaluated by tracking of pollen tube growth through the ovary by fluorescent microscopy approach. The presence of at least one growing pollen tube inside the ovary 96 h after pollination was considered as the sign of compatibility, but block of pollen tube growth through the style was considered as the sign of incompatibility between pollinizer and recipient genotypes. According to our data, all of pollinizers include of GER, Aybatan, HB190, NM177 and KOSH269 were compatible with recipient genotypes. However, the most percentage of final fruit set in Ordoubad90 was achieved when it was pollinated with NM177 and Aybatan pollinizers, in ASG and AD503 genotypes were achieved when they were pollinated with Aybatan and GER pollinizers, and finally in AD740 genotype was achieved when it was pollinated with NM177, Aybatan and GER pollinizers. Additionally, AD503 had more (47% fruit set) but Ordoubad90 had less (23% fruit set) fertility potential among recipient genotypes. Also, microscopic observations confirmed the results of final fruit set following controlled cross-pollination in the field.       
 
    

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Apricot
  • Final Fruit Set
  • Pollen Compatibility
  • Pollen Tube Growth
  • Sustainable Production
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