اثر تراکم گیاه پوششی ماش (Vigna radiata L.) بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد و کنترل علف‏های هرز کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تاثیر تراکم گیاه پوششی ماش در سرکوب علف‏های هرز و عملکرد کنجد، آزمایشی در سال 1394 در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل سه سطح تراکم 5، 10 و 15 بوته در متر مربع گیاه پوششی ماش و دو شاهد بدون گیاه پوششی ماش در شرایط عاری و آلوده به علف‌های هرز بودند. نتایج آنالیز واریانس نشان داد که  تیمارهای مورد بررسی تاثیر معنی‌داری روی زیست توده ماش، تراکم و زیست توده کل علف‌های هرز و تمامی صفات بررسی شده کنجد بجز وزن هزار دانه و شاخص برداشت داشت. زیست توده ماش روند افزایش غیرخطی با افزایش تراکم داشت و بالاترین مقدار زیست توده (648 گرم در متر مربع) در تراکم‏ 15 بوته در مربع آن بدست آمد. مقایسه میانگین­ها نشان داد که زیست توده کل علف‏های هرز در تراکم‏های 5، 10 و 15 بوته در متر مربع ماش نسبت به شاهد بدون گیاه پوششی در شرایط آلوده به علف‌های هرز، به‌ترتیب 84، 89 و 90 درصد کاهش یافت. در شرایط بدون گیاه پوششی ماش، تداخل علف‏های هرز باعث کاهش 57 درصدی عملکرد دانه کنجد شدند. عملکرد دانه در تیمارهای 5، 10 و 15 بوته در متر مربع ماش نسبت به تیمار شاهد بدون گیاه پوششی در شرایط تداخل علف‏هرز 56، 81 و 97 درصد افزایش یافت. بیشترین مقدار محاسبه شده شاخص گیاه پوششی- علف هرز (54/3) در تیمار تراکم 15 بوته در متر مربع ماش بدست آمد که از نظر کارآیی کنترل علف‌های هرز در طبقه کنترل کافی قرار گرفت. در راستای اهداف کشاورزی پایدار با کاربرد گیاه پوششی ماش در زراعت کنجد می‌توان ضمن مدیریت علف‌های هرز به عملکرد مطلوبی نایل شد.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) Cover Crop Density on Seed Yield and Yield Components of Sesame (Sesame indicum L.) and Weed Control

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hannaneh Mehdipour
  • Rahmat Abbasi
  • Arastoo Abbasian
چکیده [English]

         In order to investigate the effect of Mung bean density on weed suppression and sesame yield, an experiment was conducted at Research Farm of Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources as randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in 2015. The treatments consisted of three levels of Mung bean density (5, 10 and 15 plants.m-2) and two check treatments (no cover crop at weed free and weed infected at full season). The results of variance analysis indicated that treatments on Mung bean biomass, weed density and dry weight and all traits considered (except 1000 seed weight and harvest index) of sesame affected significantly. Mung bean biomass had a nonlinear increase with increasing density and the highest its biomass (648 g.m-2) was obtained at 15 plants.m-2. Means comparison showed that dry weight of total weeds at Mung bean densities of 5, 10 and 15 plants m-2 was reduced compared with weed-infected treat at no cover crop conditions by 84, 89 and 90%, respectively. Weed interference reduced 57% sesame seed yield at no cover crop conditions. Sesame seed yield increased by 56, 81 and 97% at densities of 5, 10 and 15 plants.m-2, compared with weed-infected treat at no cover crop conditions. The highest value of cover crop-weed index (3.54) was obtained at Mung bean density of 15 plants.m-2, which in terms of weed control efficiency, the control was sufficient. In achieving sustainable agriculture goals using Mung bean (as cover crop) in sesame, weeds can be managed and favorable yield has been achieved.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biomass
  • Cover Crop
  • Cover Crop-Weed Index
  • Seed Yield
  • Weed Free
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