تاثیر میکوریزا و هیومیک اسید بر صفات مورفولوژیک و عملکرد پنبه تحت تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه کشاورزی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

          با هدف بررسی تاثیر سطوح آبیاری و کاربرد میکوریزا و هیومیک اسید بر صفات مورفولوژیکیو عملکرد پنبه آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بیرجند به صورت کرت­های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال 1395 اجرا شد. در این پژوهش آبیاری در سه سطح  40، 70 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه به عنوان فاکتور اصلی، میکوریزا در دو سطح کاربرد و عدم کاربرد و هیومیک اسید در دو سطح صفر و 10 لیتر در هکتار به عنوان فاکتورهای فرعی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد با کاهش تامین نیاز آبی پنبه از 100 به 40 درصد، ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، تعداد انشعابات ساقه اصلی، عملکرد وش و عملکرد بیولوژیک به ترتیب 6/29، 8/31، 3/48، 7/68 و5/60 درصد و به طور معنی­داری کاهش یافت. با این وجود کارایی مصرف آب برای تولید وش پنبه در تیمار تامین 70 درصد نیاز آبی از برتری معنی­دار 2/19 و5/44 درصدی به ترتیب نسبت به تیمارهای تامین 100 و 40 درصد نیاز آبی برخوردار بود. همچنین کاربرد میکوریزا نسبت به عدم کاربرد آن، باعث افزایش معنی­دار و 9/10، 5/12، 30، 48، 8/26، 8/48 و 8/24 درصدی به ترتیب ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، تعداد انشعابات ساقه اصلی، عملکرد وش، عملکرد بیولوژیک، کارایی مصرف آب برای تولید وش و بیوماس گردید و کاربرد 10 لیتر در هکتار اسید هیومیک نیز باعث افزایش معنی­دار و 9/9، 4/9، 2/14، 5/23 و 7/20 درصدی به ترتیب ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، تعداد انشعابات ساقه اصلی، عملکرد وش و کارایی مصرف آب برای تولید وش گردید. به طور کلی نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از میکوریزا و اسید هیومیک اثرات منفی تنش کم­آبی را به خصوص در شرایط تنش متوسط کاهش می­دهد. با در نظر گرفتن کارایی مصرف آب و عملکرد وش پنبه، تیمار تنش متوسط کم­آبی و کاربرد میکوریزا را برای زراعت این گیاه در بیرجند می­توان مورد توجه قرار داد.
 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Humic Acid and Mycorrhiza Application on Morphological Traits and Yield of Cotton under Drought Stress

نویسنده [English]

  • Seyyed Gholamreza Moosavi
چکیده [English]

          In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation, humic acid and mycorrhiza application on morphological traits, yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of cotton, an experiment was carried out as a factorial split-plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research farm of Islamic Azad University of Birjand, Iran in 2016. Three irrigation levels (40, 70 and 100 percent of plant water requirement) were as the main plot and the combination of two mycorrhiza levels (non- application and application) and two humic acid levels (0 and 10 L. ha-1) were considered as sub-plot. The results showed that with reducing the supply of cotton water requirement from 100 to 40 percent significantly reduced plant height, stem diameter, branch number of main stem, seedcotton yield and biological yield by 29.6, 31.8, 48.3, 68.7 and 60.5, respectively. However, the water use efficiency for seedcotton production in the treatment of 70 percent water requirement supply was significantly higher (19.2 and 44.5%, respectively) than treatments of 100 and 40 percent water requirement supply. Also, application of mychorhiza significantly increased the plant height, stem diameter, branch number of main stem, seedcotton yield and biological yield, water use efficiency for seedcotton and biomass production by 10.9, 12.5, 30, 48, 26.8, 48.8 and 24.8%, respectively. In addition, application of 10 L. ha-1 humic acid significantly increased the plant height, stem diameter, branch number of main stem, seedcotton yield and water use efficiency for seedcotton production by 9.9, 9.4, 14.2, 23.5 and 20.7%, respectively. In general, the results showed that the use of mycorrhiza and humic acid decreases the negative effects of water deficit stress, especially in moderate stress conditions. Considering the water use efficiency and cotton yield, it is possible to consider the treatment of moderate water stress and mycorrhiza application for the cultivation of this plant in Birjand.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Harvest Index
  • Humic Acid
  • Mycorrhiza
  • Water Deficit Stress
  • Water Use Eficiency
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