ارزیابی انرژی و انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای تولید زیتون در غرب ایران (مطالعه موردی: استان ایلام، شهرستان ایلام)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام.

2 عضو هیئت علمی مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم دانشگاه ایلام.

3 مکانیزاسیون کشاورزی، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی و عمران روستایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان

4 دانشجوی دکترای اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.

چکیده

اهداف: زیتون یکی از محصولات مقاوم به کم‌آبی است که کشت آن در برخی از مناطق کشور توسعه پیدا کرده است. این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی الگوی مصرف انرژی و تحلیل شاخص‌های زیست‌محیطی تولید زیتون انجام شد.

مواد و روش‌ها: نمونه‌ی آماری تحقیق شامل 177 نفر از باغداران زیتون در استان ایلام بود. برای ارزیابی الگوی مصرف انرژی از شاخص‌های کارایی انرژی، بهره‌وری انرژی، شدت انرژی و افزوده خالص انرژی استفاده شد. همچنین به‌منظور بررسی وضعیت انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای در سامانه‌های تولید زیتون، از ضرایب انتشار معادل کربن دی‌اکسید برای نهاده‌های مصرفی استفاده شد. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از روش‌های آمار توصیفی و تحلیلی صورت گرفت و همه‌ی داده‌ها در نرم‌افزار اکسل ثبت، دسته‌بندی و مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند.

یافته‌ها: بر أساس نتایج پژوهش، کارایی انرژی، بهره‌وری انرژی، شدت انرژی و انرژی خالص به‌ترتیب برابر 36/1، 12/0 کیلوگرم بر مگاژول، 66/8 مگاژول بر کیلوگرم و 04/9175 مگاژول بر هکتار محاسبه شد. میزان مصرف انرژی مستقیم و غیرمستقیم نیز برابر 1/19969 و 5319 مگاژول در هکتار به‌دست آمد. میزان انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای نیز برابر 74/1185 کیلوگرم معادل دی‌اکسید کربن در هکتار برآورد شد.

نتیجه‌گیری: کل انرژی ورودی و خروجی در فرایند تولید زیتون به‌ترتیب 04/25288 و 08/34463 مگاژول در هکتار برآورد شد. نهاده الکتریسیته و کود نیتروژن به‌ترتیب با 81/16 و 78/73 درصد بیشترین سهم از انرژی‌های ورودی را به خود اختصاص دادند. پیشنهاد می‌شود که با کاربرد روش‌های مناسب مانند استفاده از ارقام پرمحصول، بهره‌وری استفاده از نهاده‌ها افزایش داده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of energy and emission of greenhouse gases for olive production in West Iran (Case study: Ilam province, Ilam city)

نویسندگان [English]

  • mostafa zebardast 1
  • amir azizpanah 2
  • reza yeganeh 2
  • Rostam Fathi 3
  • sadegh bahamin 4
1 Master's student in Agricultural Mechanization, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University.
2 Member of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Biosystem of Ilam University
4 PhD student in Agroecology, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Objectives: Olive is one of the water-resistant crops that has been cultivated in some parts of Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the energy consumption pattern and analyze the environmental effect of olive production.

Materials and Methods: The statistical sample of the study included 177 olive growers in Ilam province. To evaluate the energy consumption pattern, the indicators of Energy ratio, energy productivity, specific energy and net energy Gain were used. Also, in order to study of greenhouse gases emission in olive production systems, carbon dioxide equivalent emission coefficients were used for consumption inputs. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical methods and all data were recorded, categorized and evaluated in Excel software.

Results: Based on the research results, Energy ratio, energy productivity, specific energy and net energy were calculated to be 1.36, 0.12 kgMJ-1, 8.66 mJ/kg-1 and 9175.04 mJ/ha-1, respectively. Direct and indirect energy consumption was 19969.1 and 5319 MJha-1. The amount of greenhouse gas emissions was estimated to be 1185.74 kg equivalent of carbon dioxide per hectare.

Conclusion: The total input and output energy in the olive production process was estimated to be 25288.04 and 34463.08 MJha-1 respectively. Electricity input and nitrogen fertilizer had the highest share of input energies with 16.81% and 73.78%, respectively. It is suggested that by using appropriate methods such as using high-yield cultivars, the energy productivity should be increased.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Energy productivity
  • Greenhouse gases
  • Olives
  • Oilseeds
  • ilam
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