اثر تاریخ کاشت و همزیستی قارچ مایکوریزا بر شاخص‍های رشد و عملکرد ذرت علوفه‍ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه کردستان

چکیده

اهداف: کودهـای زیستی شامل یک یا چند گونه ارگانیسم خاک‌زیست با تراکم جمعیتی زیاد یا فرآورده ایـن موجـودات می‌باشند که با هدف بالا بردن حاصلخیزی خاک و دسترسی گیاه به مواد غذایی، در مزارع پایـدار به‌کار میروند. این آزمایش به منظور بررسی عملکرد و شاخص‌های رشد در تاریخ‌های مختلف کاشت تحت تأثیر قارچ مایکوریزا انجام گردید.
مواد وروش: آزمایش در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه کردستان در سال 1396 بصورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک-های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل قارچ مایکوریزا در چهار سطح شامل (Funneliformis mossea)،(Rhizophagus intraradices)،(Funneliformis mossea+Rhizophagus intraradices) و بدون مایکوریزا (شاهد) و تاریخ کشت در سه سطح (6 ،16 و 26 تیرماه) بود. در این آزمایش شاخص‌های رشد و صفات مرتبط با عملکرد ذرت اندازه‌گیری شد.
یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که در تاریخ کاشت 6 تیرماه بیشترین شاخص سطح برگ، سرعت رشد محصول و تجمع ماده خشک حاصل شدو تاریخ کاشت 26 تیر کمترین مقدار این شاخص‌ها را داشت. بیشترین مقادیر شاخص سطح برگ و سرعت رشد محصول به تیمار Rhizophagus intraradices مربوط بود. در کل کاربرد میکوریزا باعث افزایش تجمع ماده خشک و عملکرد ذرت نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد. برهمکنش قارچ مایکوریزا و تاریخ کاشت نیز سبب افزایش معنی‌دار وزن خشک بلال و عملکرد بیولوژیک گردید.
نتیجه گیری: بررسی اثرات قارچ مایکوریزا و تاریخ کاشت بر روند رشد نشان داد که تیمار ترکیبی تاریخ کاشت شش تیرماه و قارچ Rhizophagus intraradices از لحاظ شاخص‌های رشدی، وزن خشک بلال و بوته و عملکرد بیولوژیک از برتری برخوردار بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of sowing date and symbiosis of mycorrhizal fungi on growth indices and yield of forage maize

نویسندگان [English]

  • Gholamreza Heidari
  • Shawbo Akbari
  • Hossein Jahani-Azizabadi
University of Kurdistan
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: Biofertilizers include one or more species of high-density soil organisms which are used in sustainable farms with the aim of increasing soil fertility and plant access to nutrients. This experiment was performed to evaluate yield and growth indices of maize at different sowing dates under the influence of mycorrhizal fungi.

Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted in the research farm of Kurdistan University in 2017 as a factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Factors included mycorrhizal fungi at four levels including (Funneliformis mossea), (Rhizophagus intraradices), (Funneliformis mossea + Rhizophagus intraradices) and without mycorrhiza (control) and sowing date at three levels (6, 16 and 26 July). In this experiment, growth indices and traits related to maize yield were measured.
Results: The results showed that the highest leaf area index, growth rate and dry matter accumulation were obtained on 6 July sowing date and 26 July had the lowest values. The highest values of leaf area index and crop growth rate were related to Rhizophagus intraradices treatment. Application of mycorrhiza increased dry matter accumulation and as a result, maize yield compared to the control treatment. The interaction of mycorrhiza fungus and sowing date caused a significant increase in cob dry weight and biological yield.
Conclusion: The results showed that the combined treatment of 6 July planting date and Rhizophagus intraradices fungus was superior in terms of growth indices, cob and plant dry weight and biological yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Crop growth rate
  • leaf area index
  • forage maize
  • mycorrhiza
  • dry weight of cob
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