تأثیر کاربرد کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی و عصاره جلبک دریایی بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و برخی شاخص های فیزیولوژیکی نخود زراعی دیم (رقم سعید)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اگروتکنولوژی- اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه

2 عضو هیات علمی گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی/ مراغه

3 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه

4 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: این پژوهش به­منظور بررسی عملکرد دانه، اجزای عملکرد، درصد پروتئین و برخی شاخص­های فیزیولوژیکی نخود زراعی (رقم سعید) تحت تأثیر کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی و زیستی و عصاره جلبک دریایی انجام شد.
 
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار و طی دو سال زارعی (1398 و 1399) به­صورت مزرعه­ای در شهرستان اشنویه استان آذربایجان غربی انجام شد. عامل اول کاربرد کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی شامل: شاهد (عدم کاربرد کود)، مصرف خاکی کود زیستی فسفات بارور2، کود شیمیایی آمونیوم فسفات، 50 درصد کود شیمیایی + 50 درصد کود زیستی و100  درصد کود شیمیایی + 100 درصد کود زیستی و عامل دوم محلول­پاشی عصاره جلبک دریایی در سه سطح  شاهد، کاربرد قبل از مرحله گلدهی و کاربرد بعد از مرحله گلدهی بود. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل ارتفاع بوته، تعداد ساقه­های فرعی، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در بوته، وزن صد دانه، عملکرد دانه، محتوای کلروفیل a+b، محتوای کارتنوئید، محتوای قند محلول و درصد پروتئین دانه بود.
 
یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد کاربرد کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی تأثیر مثبتی بر بهبود صفات رشدی نخود داشت به­طوری که کاربرد ترکیبی کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی بیشترین افزایش را بر تعداد غلاف و تعداد دانه در هر بوته داشتند. کاربرد عصاره جلبک دریایی قبل از شروع گلدهی و یا بعد از گلدهی در مقایسه با شاهد باعث افزایش معنی­دار تعداد دانه و غلاف در بوته و وزن صد دانه شد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در سال اول (7/133 گرم در مترمربع) تحت تیمار ترکیبی کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی (50 :50) همراه با کاربرد عصاره جلبک دریایی قبل از مرحله گلدهی و در طی سال دوم (0/149 گرم در مترمربع) تحت تیمار ترکیبی (100:100) توأم با کاربرد عصاره جلبک دریایی قبل از مرحله گلدهی به­دست آمد. بیشترین محتوای قند محلول با کاربرد ترکیبی کود زیستی و کود شیمیایی در شرایط محلول­پاشی عصاره جلبک در مرحله قبل یا بعد از گلدهی به‌دست آمد. درصد پروتئین دانه نخود در سال اول با کاربرد جداگانه و یا ترکیبی کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی نسبت به شاهد افزایش معنی­دار نشان داد و در سال دوم با کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی و یا ترکیبی بیشترین افزایش را نشان داد. غلظت کلروفیل a+b با کاربرد عصاره جلبک دریایی بعد از مرحله گلدهی افزایش معنی­دار نشان داد و غلظت کارتنوئید در هردو سال با کاربرد ترکیبی کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی و یا کاربرد 100 درصد کود شیمیایی همراه با محلول­پاشی عصاره جلبک دریایی بعد از گلدهی بیشترین افزایش­ها را نشان داد.
 
نتیجه گیری: کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی و زیستی به‌ویژه کاربرد ترکیبی آنها توأم با محلول‌پاشی عصاره جلبک دریایی می‌‌تواند در افزایش عملکرد کمی و کیفی نخود در شرایط دیم مؤثر باشد. از سوی دیگر حذف یا کاهش مصرف نهاده­های شیمیایی و جایگزینی آنها با کودهای زیستی و محرک­های رشد مانند عصاره جلبک دریایی را می­توان گامی مهم در جهت دستیابی به اهداف کشاورزی پایدار به‌ویژه در شرایط دیم در نظر گرفت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Biological and Chemical Fertilizers and Seaweed Extract Application on Yield, Yield Components and some Physiological Traits of Rainfed Chickpea (Saeed cv.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hedayat Abdoli 1
  • Yousef Nasiri 2
  • Mohsen Janmohammadi 3
  • Mojtaba Nouraein 4
1 2- Ph.D Student of Agrotechnology- Crop Ecology, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh
2 Faculty member / Department of Plant Production and Genetics / University of Maragheh
3 Dept. of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh.
4 Department of Plant Genetics and Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, P. O. Box 55136-553, Maragheh, Iran
چکیده [English]

The experiment was conducted during 2018 and 2019 in Oshnavieh city as factorial based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The main factor was included of the application of biological and chemical fertilizers: control (no fertilizer), Phosphate2 as a biological fertilizer, ammonium phosphate as a chemical fertilizer, 50% chemical fertilizer+50% biological fertilizer and 100% chemical fertilizer + 100% biological fertilizer and secondary factor was included as foliar spraying of seaweed extract in three levels of control, application before flowering and application after flowering. The results showed that application of seaweed extract before flowering or after flowering caused a significant increase in the number of pods per plant and the one handred grain weights. The highest grain yield in the first year (133.7 g.m-2) was obtained under the combined treatment of biological and chemical fertilizers (50:50) with the use of seaweed extract before flowering stage and in the second year (149.0 g.m-2) under combined treatment of biological and chemical fertilizers (100:100) with the application of seaweed extract after flowering stage, the amount of soluble sugar was obtained with the combined use of biofertilizer and chemical fertilizers under foliar spraying of seaweed extract before or after flowering stages. The percentage of chickpea grain protein showed a significant increase in the first year with separate or combined application of biological and chemical fertilizers compared to the control, and in the second year it showed the highest increase with the application of chemical or combined fertilizers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cicer arietinum
  • One hundred grain weight
  • Number of pods per plant
  • Protein percentage
  • Solubl sugar
  • Spirulina seaweed extract
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