تاثیر کاربرد نیترات آمونیوم، قارچ میکوریزا و نیتروکسین بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد دانه و اسانس زیره سبز(Cuminum cyminum L) در منطقه کاشان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت واصلاح نباتات، واحد نراق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نراق، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه زراعت واصلاح نباتات، واحد ساوه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ساوه، ایران.

3 گروه علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران

4 بخش منابع طبیعی،مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان،سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: استفاده از روش­های جایگزین مصرف کودهای شیمیایی در تولید گیاهان دارویی از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. پژوهش حاضر به ­منظور مطالعه اثرکود نیترات آمونیوم، کود زیستی نیتروکسین و قارچ میکوریزا بر صفات رویشی، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه و اسانس زیره سبز در اجرا گردید.
 
مواد و روش­ها:آزمایش به صورت اسپیلیت فاکتوریل بر پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در شرایط آب و هوایی کاشان اجرا گردید. کود شیمیایی نیترات آمونیوم در سه سطح (صفر، 40 و 80 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در کرت­های اصلی، قارچ میکوریزا در دو سطح (تلقیح با بذر و عدم تلقیح) و کود نیتروکسین در دو سطح تلقیح (5/0 لیتر به ازای 9 کیلوگرم بذر و عدم تلقیح) در کرت‌های فرعی بصورت فاکتوریل قرار گرفتند. بذور زیره‌ سبز  از توده محلی کاشان بود که از مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان تهیه گردید.
 
یافته­ها: تیمارهای کودی باعث بهبود صفات رویشی، افزایش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه، درصد و عملکرد اسانس گردید. در اکتر صفات، استفاده توام نیترات آمونیوم و کودهای زیستی منجر به بهبود بیشتر صفات مورد مطالعهدر مقایسه با کاربرد مجزای آن­هاگردید. مصرف همزمان 80 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیترات آمونیوم، میکوریزا و نیتروکسیندارای بیشترین عملکرد دانه (8/411 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، درصد اسانس (2/4 درصد) و عملکرد اسانس (28/19 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بودند.
 
نتیجه­گیری: با توجه به این که در عملکرد بیولوژیکی، عملکرد دانه، درصد و عملکرد اسانس، تفاوت معنی­داری در استفاده از کودهای زیستی توام با کاربرد40 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیترات آمونیوم با کاربرد 80 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیترات آمونیوم مشاهده نگردید، میتوان با کاربرد توام کود زیستی نیتروکسین، قارچ میکوریزا و40 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیترات آمونیوم، ضمن کاهش 50 درصدی مصرف نیترات آمونیوم، عملکرد دانه، درصد و عملکرد اسانس کاهش معنی­داری نداشته باشد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Ammonium Nitrate, Mycorrhiza and Nitroxin Biofertilizer on Grain and Essential Oil Yield of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) under Kashan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mansoore Foroughian 1
  • Mojtaba Jafarzadeh kenarsary 2
  • Hamid Dehghanzadeh 3
  • Hossein Zeinali 4
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Naragh branch, Islamic Azad University, Naragh, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Saveh branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran
3 Department of Agricultural Sciences, Payame Noor University, I.R. of IRAN
4 Research Division of Natural Resources, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: The use of alternative methods to chemical fertilizers is of great importance in the production of medicinal plants.The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of ammonium nitrate, mycorrhiza fungi and nitroxin biofertilizer on the yield, yield components and essential oil percentage of cumin. 
 
Materials and Methods: This study was carried out as a split factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental treatments included three chemical ammonium nitrate fertilizer levels (0, 40 and 80 kg. ha-1) as a main plot, mycorrhiza fungi (application and non-application) and nitroxin biofertilizer (application 0.5 liter per 9 kg seed and non-application) were factorially placed in sub plots. Green cumin seeds (Kashan local variety) were obtained from the Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center.
 
Results: The results showed that manure treatments improved the vegetative traits and increased yield, yield components, essential percentage and essential yield. In most of the traits, the combined use of ammonium nitrate and biofertilizers led to a greater improvement of the traits compared to their separate use. The combined application of 80 kg. ha-1 of ammonium nitrate and mycorrhiza and nitroxin biofertilizer had the highest grain yield, percentage and essential oil yield of 4.2%, 411.8 and 19.28 kg. ha-1, respectively.
 
Conclusion: Considering that in the use of biofertilizers combined with the use of 40 kg.ha-1 of ammonium nitrate with the use of 80 kg.ha-1of ammonium nitrate, no significant difference was observed in the biological yield, grain yield , percentage and yield of essential oil, it is possible to use 40 kg.ha-1of ammonium nitrate combined with the biofertilizers, while reducing the consumption of chemical fertilizer by 50%, the grain yield, percentage and yield of essential oil do not decrease significantly.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological yield
  • Biofertilizer
  • Cumin
  • Harvest index
  • Sustainable Agriculture

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 35، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1404
صفحه 65-82

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