اثر محلول پاشی هورمون سیتوکینین و اسید سالیسیلیک بر صفات مورفولوژیک و عملکرد آفتابگردان در تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

2 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

3 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی ،دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

10.22034/saps.2024.61745.3224

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: عملکرد آفتابگردان به شدت تحت تأثیر میزان دسترسی به آب به ویژه در شرایط تنش خشکی قرار دارد. تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد گیاهی مانند سیتوکینین‌ها و اسید سالیسیلیک می‌توانند با تقویت فرآیندهای فیزیولوژیکی، تحمل گیاه به تنش و عملکرد آن را بهبود دهند. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثرات فواصل مختلف آبیاری و کاربرد برگی این هورمون‌ها بر رشد، عملکرد بذر و عملکرد روغن آفتابگردان در شرایط بدون تنش و تنش خشکی انجام شد.
 
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش به صورت طرح کرت‌های خرد شده بر پایۀ طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز در سال زراعی 1401-1400  انجام شد. فواصل آبیاری به عنوان کرت‌های اصلی و تیمارهای هورمونی به عنوان کرت‌های فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. عامل اصلی شامل سه دور آبیاری (۸، ۱۲ و ۱۶ روز) و عامل فرعی شامل پنج تیمار هورمونی شامل شاهد (بدون هورمون )، سیتوکینین در غلظت‌های ۲۵ و ۵۰ میکرومول بر لیتر، و اسید سالیسیلیک در غلظت‌های ۲۰۰ و ۴۰۰ میلی‌مول بر لیتر بود.
 
یافته‌ها: افزایش دور آبیاری از ۸ روز به ۱۲ و ۱۶ روز باعث کاهش معنی‌دار ارتفاع گیاه، قطر ساقه، تعداد دانه در هر بوته، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد زیست‌توده، عملکرد روغن و درصد روغن شد، در حالی که تعداد دانه‌های پوک افزایش یافت. نتایج نشان‌دهندۀ اثر منفی افزایش دور آبیاری بر رشد و عملکرد دانۀ آفتابگردان بود. با این حال، کاربرد تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد گیاهی تا حدی این اثرات نامطلوب را کاهش داد. در دور آبیاری ۱۶ روز، عملکرد دانه نسبت به شاهد به ترتیب با کاربرد سیتوکینین در غلظت‌های ۲۵ و ۵۰ میکرومول بر لیتر و اسید سالیسیلیک در غلظت‌های ۲۰۰ و ۴۰۰ میلی‌مول بر لیتر به میزان ۶۹، ۷۲، ۳۷ و ۶۴ درصد افزایش یافت. علاوه بر این، کاربرد سیتوکینین در غلظت ۵۰ میکرومول بر لیتر در دورهای آبیاری ۸، ۱۲ و ۱۶ روز باعث افزایش عملکرد دانه به ترتیب ۳۳، 5/16 و ۷۲ درصد شد. به طور مشابه، عملکرد روغن نیز نسبت به گیاهان فاقد تیمار هورمونی به میزان 5/33، 5/19، ۵۰ و ۲۴ درصد بهبود یافت که نقش مثبت سیتوکینین را در بهبود عملکرد تحت شرایط بهینه و تنش خشکی نشان می‌دهد.
نتیجه‌گیری: سیتوکینین و اسید سالیسیلیک را می‌توان به عنوان راهبردی مؤثر برای بهبود تخصیص مواد فتوسنتزی، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد روغن در آفتابگردان تحت هر دو شرایط آبیاری مطلوب و تنش خشکی در نظر گرفت. اگرچه هر دو هورمون اثرات مفیدی نشان دادند، اما سیتوکینین در غلظت ۵۰ میکرومول بر لیتر مؤثرترین تیمار بود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Foliar Application of Cytokinin Hormone and Salicylic Acid on Morphological Traits, Yield Traits of Sunflower Drought Stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • foad hossini 1
  • afrasiab Rahnama Ghahfarokhi 2
  • moosa meskarbashee 3
1 Student, Department of Plant Production and Genetics Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
2 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
3 Department of Plant Production and Genetics Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Sunflower productivity is strongly influenced by water availability, especially under drought stress. Plant growth regulators such as cytokinins and salicylic acid can enhancestress tolerance and improve yield by stimulating physiological processes. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different irrigation intervals and foliar application of cytokinins and salicylic acid on seed and oil yield of sunflower under drought conditions.
 
Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted using a split-plot arrangement based on a randomized complete block design at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz during the 2021–2022 growin g season. Irrigation intervals were assigned to the main plots, while hormone treatments were allocated to subplots. The main factor consisted of three irrigation intervals (8, 12, and 16 days). The sub-factor included five hormone treatments: control (no hormone), cytokinin at 25 and 50 µmol. L-1, and salicylic acid at 200 and 400 mmol. L-1.
 
Results: Increasing the irrigation interval from 8 days to 12 and 16 days led to a significant reduction in plant height, stem diameter, number of seeds per plant, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, biomass yield, oil yield, and oil percentage, while empty seeds increased under water deficit conditions. Results indicated the negative impact of prolonged irrigation intervals on sunflower productivity. However, the application of plant growth regulators partially alleviated these adverse effects. Under the 16-day irrigation intreval, seed yield increased by 69%, 72%, 37%, and 64% with the application of cytokinin at 25 and 50 µmol. L-1 and salicylic acid at 200 and 400 mmol. L-1, respectively, compared with the control treatment. Furthermore, the application of cytokinin at 50 µmol. L-1 under irrigation intervals of 8, 12, and 16 days increased seed yield by 33%, 16.5%, and 72%, respectively. Similarly, oil yield was improved by 33.5%, 19.5%, 50%, and 24% under the same conditions compared with hormone-deficit plants, highlighting the positive role of cytokinin in yield performance under both optimal and drought stress conditions.
 
Conclusion: Cytokinin and salicylic acid can be considered effective strategies for improving the allocation of photosynthetic assimilates, seed yield, and oil yield in sunflower under both optimal irrigation and drought stress conditions. Although both hormones showed beneficial effects, cytokinin at a concentration of 50 µmol. L-1 was the most effective.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Benzylaminopurine
  • grain purity
  • Irrigation round
  • Oil percentage
  • Yield components

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 36، شماره 1
1405
صفحه 135-150

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