ارزیابی مصرف سوخت، انرژی و انتشار گازهای گلخانه ‏ای در تولیدات گیاهی در کشور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی ، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه سراوان، ایران

2 دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران.

10.22034/saps.2025.62435.3246

چکیده

اهداف: تولید پایدار غذا همراه با حفظ محیط زیست، یکی از بزرگترین چالش‏های پیش روی بشر می‏باشد. در حال حاضر کشاورزی یکی از بزرگترین منابع تولید گازهای گلخانه‏ای می‏باشد. افزایش غلظت این گازها در جوّ باعث تسریع پدیده تغییر اقلیم و اثرات مخرب آن در جهان می‏شود.
مواد و روش ها: در این مطالعه یک ماژول جهت بررسی تأثیر تولید محصولات گیاهی بر محیط زیست در سطح کشور استفاده شد. با استفاده از این ماژول می‏توان مقدار سوخت، الکتریسیته و انرژی مصرفی در بخش کشاورزی و همچنین انتشار گازهای گلخانه‏ای ناشی از تولید محصولات کشاورزی در سطح کشور و استان را برآورد کرد. در ماژول محاسبات برای 18 گیاه زراعی، 13 گیاه باغی و 5 گیاه صیفی و سبزیجات در سطح کشوری و استانی به تفکیک دیم و آبی انجام شد.
یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد سالانه 440720680 گیگاژول انرژی (مجموع انرژی مستقیم و غیرمستقیم) در مزارع تولید محصولات گیاهی مصرف می‏شود که 73 درصد از این انرژی برای تولید محصولات زراعی، 22 درصد برای تولید محصولات باغبانی و 5 درصد برای تولید صیفی و سبزیجات استفاده می‏شود. از کل انرژی مصرفی برای تولید محصولات گیاهی 89 درصد برای تولید محصولات آبی و 11 درصد برای تولید محصولات دیم صرف می‏شود. سالانه 21456 هزار تن معادل دی اکسید کربن از محل تولید محصولات گیاهی در کشور منتشر می‏شود. 66 درصد از این مقدار انتشار ناشی از تولید محصولات زراعی، 28 درصد ناشی از تولید محصولات باغبانی و 6 درصد ناشی از تولید صیفی و سبزیجات در کشور است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing Fuel Consumption, Energy Use, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Sustainable Crop Production in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Reza Amiri 1
  • majid Alimgham 2
  • Afshin Soltani 2
1 Dept. of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Saravan.Iran.
2 Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background & Objectives: One of the most pressing challenges facing humanity is achieving sustainable food production while preserving the environment. Agriculture currently represents a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The increasing atmospheric concentration of these gases accelerates climate change and its detrimental effects worldwide. This study aimed to develop a dynamic module to investigate the environmental impact of plant production in Iran.
 
Materials and Methods: The module facilitates the estimation of fuel, electricity, and energy consumption within the agricultural sector of Iran. Additionally, it enables the assessment of greenhouse gas emissions associated with agricultural production at both national and provincial levels. Calculations within the module were conducted for a total of 36 plant types, encompassing 18 field crop, 13 fruit plants, and 5 vegetable crops. The module differentiates between rainfed and irrigated agriculture at both national and provincial scales.
 
Results: Our results revealed that plant production consume 440,720,680 MJ yr-1 energy, encompassing both direct and indirect energy inputs, at country level.  Of this total energy consumption, 73% is allocated to field crops, 22% to fruit plants, and the remaining 5% supports vegetable production.  Additionally, 89% of the energy used for plant production is dedicated to irrigated conditions, while the remaining 11% sustains rainfed agriculture. Annually, 21456 thousand tons of carbon dioxide equivalent are emitted from plant production in Iran. 66%, 28%, 6% of this amount of emission is due to the production of field crops, fruit plants and vegetables, respectively.
 
Conclusion: Aligned with the principles of sustainable agricultural product management, the module facilitates the investigation of various environmental impacts at national and provincial levels. These impacts include: the effects of changing on-farm management practices for plant production, variations in input consumption, adjustments to cropping patterns, reductions in losses and waste, and population growth.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords
  • Climate change
  • Environment
  • Module
  • Model
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