تاثیر نانوذرات آهن و سیلیکون و میکوریزا بر سهم فرایند انتقال مجدد و فتوسنتز جاری در عملکرد دانه و برخی صفات چاودار (.cereal L Secale) طی شرایط محدودیت آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی. اردبیل، ایران.‏

2 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

3 گروه خاکشناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران‎.‎

4 مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل/ایران

10.22034/saps.2025.65304.3327

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: راه کارهای متعددی برای بهبود عملکرد چاودار تحت شرایط محدودیت آبی پیشنهاد شده­اند. در این رابطه کاربرد میکوریزا و نانوذرات آهن و سیلیکون یک نقش کلیدی در بهبود عملکرد چاودار ایفا می کنند. بنابراین اهداف  مطالعه ارزیابی تأثیر نانوذرات آهن و سیلیکون با مایکوریزا بر سهم فرایند انتقال مجدد و فتوسنتز جاری در عملکرد دانه و برخی صفات چاودار (اکوتیپ محلی اردبیل) در شرایط محدودیت آبی بود.
 
مواد و روش­ها: آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه پژوهشی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی طی سال 1401 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل آبیاری در سه سطح (آبیاری کامل به‌عنوان شاهد، قطع آبیاری در 50 درصد مراحل سنبله­دهی و آبستنی به­ترتیب به­عنوان محدودیت ملایم و شدید آبی)، کاربرد کودهای زیستی در دو سطح (با کاربرد و بدون کاربرد میکوریزا)، محلول­پاشی نانواکسید آهن و سیلیکون در چهار سطح (محلول­پاشی با آب به­عنوان شاهد، محلول­پاشی 8/0 گرم در لیتر نانواکسید آهن، 60 میلی­گرم در لیتر نانوسیلیکون، کاربرد توام نانواکسیدآهن و سیلیکون) بود.
 
یافته­ها: نتایج نشان دادند که قطع آبیاری در 50 درصد مرحله آبستنی و بدون نانوذرات آهن و سیلیکون و میکوریزا، میزان انتقال ماده خشک از ساقه و اندام هوایی (به­ترتیب 4/10 و 5/12 درصد) و سهم مشارکت ذخایر ساقه و اندام هوایی در عملکرد دانه را (به ترتیب 6/24 و 7/28 درصد) در مقایسه با کاربرد نانوذرات و میکوریزا در همین سطح از آبیاری افزایش داد. همچنین در شرایط محدودیت شدید آبی، کاربرد توام نانوذرات و میکوریزا، شاخص سطح برگ (5/30 درصد)، فتوسنتز جاری و میزان مشارکت فتوسنتز جاری در عملکرد دانه (به­ترتیب 8/29 و 2/15 درصد)، تعداد دانه در سنبله (30 درصد)، طول سنبله (3/25 درصد) و عملکرد دانه را (26 درصد) در مقایسه با عدم کاربرد نانوذرات و میکوریزا تحت همان سطح از آبیاری افزایش داد.
 
نتیجه­گیری: براساس نتایج این بررسی به نظر می­رسد  کاربرد میکوریزا با نانوذرات آهن و سیلیکون را می­توان برای افزایش عملکرد دانه چاودار تحت شرایط آبیاری کامل و محدودیت شدید آبی، پیشنهاد نمود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Nano Particles of iron and silicon and Mycorrhiza on Contribution of Dry Matter Remobilization and current Photosynthesis in Grain Yield and some traits of rye under Water Limitation Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh basiri rad 1
  • raouf seyed sharifi 2
  • Khoshnaz Payandeh 3
  • sara mohammadi kalesar lou 4
1 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی. اردبیل، ایران.‏
2 Department of Agronomy and plant breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili.
3 Department of Soil Science, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
4 Plant Production Engineering and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil / Iran
چکیده [English]

Background & Objectives: Several strategies have been suggested for improving yield of rye (Secale cereal L.) under water limitation conditions. In this regard, application of mycorrhiza and nano particles of iron and silicon plays a key role in yield improvements of rye. So, the aims of study was to investigate the effects of nano particles of iron and silicon with mycorrhiza on contribution of dry matter remobilization and current photosynthesis in grain yield and some traits of rye (local ecotype of Ardabil) under water limitation conditions.
 
Materials and Methods: an experimental as factorial was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research greenhouse of faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil during 2023. The experimental factors included irrigation in three levels (full irrigation as control, irrigation withholding at 50% of booting and heading stages as severe and moderate water limitation, respectively), application of biofertilizers in two levels (with and without mycorrhiza application) and nano iron-silicon oxide foliar application at four levels (foliar application with water as control, foliar application of 0.8 g.L-1 nano iron oxide, 60 mg.L-1 nano silicon, both application nano iron-silicon oxide).
 
Results: The results showed that irrigation withholding at 50% of booting stage and without of mycorrhiza and nanoparticles of iron and silicon increased dry matter remobilization from stem and shoot (10.4 and 12.5% respectively) and contribution of dry matter remobilization from stem and shoot in grain yield (24.6 and 28.7%) in comparison with application of nanoparticles and mycorrhiza under the same irrigation level. Also, under severe water limitation, both application nano particles of iron and silicon and mycorrhiza increased leaf area index (30.5%), current photosynthesis and the contribution of current photosynthesis in grain yield (29.8 and 15.2%, respectively), the number of grains per spike (30%), spike length (25.3%) and grain yield (26%) in comparison with no application of nanoparticles and mycorrhiza under the same irrigation level.
Conclusion: Based on these results, it seems that application of mycorrhiza with nano particles of iron and silicon can be suggested to increase grain yield of rye under full irrigation and severe water limitation conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chlorophyll Content
  • Foliar Application
  • Nano Iron Oxide
  • Nano Silicon 
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