ارزیابی اثر محلول پاشی فرآورده‌های اسید آمینه‌ای و آلی بر فعالیت آنزیم‌ها و عملکرد روغن سویا (Glycine max L.) در زمان‌های متفاوت برداشت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشی مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران.

2 دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، مرکز تحقیقات هواشناسی کشاورزی گیلان

3 استاد گروه زراعت دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت

10.22034/saps.2025.63897.3289

چکیده

قدمه و اهداف: این پژوهش به منظور بررسی اثر محلول‌پاشی فرآورده‌های اسیدآمینه‌ای و آلی بر میزان فعالیت آنزیم‌ها و عملکرد روغن سویای رقم ویلیامز در زمان‌های متفاوت برداشت، با هدف کمک به کشاورزان در جهت کاهش مصرف نهاده­های شیمیایی و کاهش آلودگی زیست محیطی با  گسترش کشاورزی پایدار انجام شد.
 
مواد و روش­ها: آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار در سال 1392-1390 در موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور (رشت) اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل محلول‌پاشی فرآورده‌های اسید آمینه‌ای و آلی در مراحل قبل از شروع گلدهی (R1)، اتمام گلدهی (R2) و قبل از دانه­­بندی (R4) در هشت سطح (1- نانوکلات آهن (به نسبت دو در هزار)، 2- کادوستیم (به نسبت 5/0 در هزار)، 3- آمینول‌فورته (به نسبت دو در هزار)، 4- آب مغناطیسی (20 لیتر در متر مربع)، 5- کمپوست زباله شهری (به میزان 10 تن در هکتار با نسبت 1/0 در آب اضافه شد)، 6- کود حیوانی (کود گاوی، به میزان 10 تن در هکتار با نسبت 1/0 در آب اضافه شد)، 7- کود شیمیایی نیتروژن خالص (به نسبت پنج در هزار از منبع اوره) به همراه یک سطح شاهد (صفر)) و سه زمان برداشت شامل (برداشت اول، هنگامی که رطوبت دانه­های غلاف در ساقه اصلی 25-20 درصد، برداشت دوم، رطوبت دانه­های غلاف در ساقه اصلی 15-14 درصد و برداشت سوم هنگامی که رطوبت دانه­های غلاف در ساقه اصلی کمتر از 14 درصد)، منظور شدند.
 
یافته­ها: در این آزمایش اثر متقابل بین تیمارهای محلول‌پاشی در زمان­های متفاوت برداشت در اکثر صفات مورد مطالعه معنی‌دار شد. بیشترین میزان آنزیم پراکسیداز، آنزیم کاتالاز، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد پروتئین دانه و همچنین عملکرد روغن دانه در تیمار نانوکلات‌آهن در زمان برداشت دوم (رطوبت دانه­های غلاف در ساقه اصلی 15-14 درصد) بدست آمد.
 
نتیجه­گیری: با توجه به نتایج پژوهش به نظر می­رسد که محلول‌پاشی نانوکلات آهن و زمان برداشت در هنگام رسیدگی کامل غلاف­ها به افزایش صفات کیفی محصول و کاهش آلودگی­های زیست‌محیطی کمک نموده و باعث افزایش عملکرد دانه و پروتئین (به ترتیب 3731 و 1390 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد روغن (951 کیلوگرم در هکتار) شد. همچنین میزان فعالیت آنزیم نیترات‌ردوکتاز با محلول­پاشی نیتروژن و کادوستیم در زمان برداشت دوم بیشتر از سایر تیمارها بود. 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the effect of spray application of amino acid and organic products on enzyme activity and oil yield of soybean (Glycine max L.) at different harvest times

نویسندگان [English]

  • pari tousi 1
  • zahra Amin Deldar 2
  • masoud esfahani 3
1 Research Assistant Professor of Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran.
2 Ph.D. Crop Physiology, Gilan Agricultural Meteorology Research Center
3 Professor, Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gilan. Rasht
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: This research was carried out in order to investigate the effect of spray application of amino acid and organic products on enzyme activity and oil yield of soybean at different harvest times, with the aim of helping farmers to reduce the consumption of chemical inputs and reduce environmental pollution by expanding sustainable agriculture.
 
Materials and Methods: Experiment was carried out in a factorial form in a randomized complete block design with 24 treatments and 3 replications in 2012-2015 at the Country Rice Research Institute (Rasht). The experimental treatments include spraying amino acid and organic products at the stages before flowering (R1), the end of flowering (R2) and before grain setting (R4) at eight levels 1- Fe nano-chelate (20.00), 2- Kado stim (0.50.00), 3- Aminol Forte (20.00), 4- Magnetic water (20 lit.m-2). 5- municipal solid waste compost (10 ton.ha-1, with ratio of 0.1 was added to the water),  6. animal manure (cow, 10 ton.ha-1, with ratio of 0.1 was added to the water), and 7. nitrogen fertilizer (50.00 of urea source) plus a control level and three harvesting times including harvesting when the pod grain in the main stem had 20-25% moisture and the second harvest when the pods are fully ripe (yellowing of more than 95% of the pods) and the pod  grain in the main stem had 14-15% moisture, and the third harvest when the pod grain in the main stem had less than 14% moisture.
 
Results: In this experiment, the interaction effect between spray application treatments at different harvest times was significant in most of the studied traits. The highest amount of peroxidase enzyme, catalase enzyme, grain yield, protein and oil yields, were obtained in the treatment of Fe nano-chelate during the second harvest (moisture of grain pods in the main stem 14-15%).
 
Conclusion: According to the results of the research, it seems that the spray application of Fe nano-chelate and the time of harvest when the pods are fully ripened helps to increase the quality characteristics of the product and reduce environmental pollution and increased grain and protein yield (3731 and 1390 kg. ha-1, respectively) and oil yield (951 kg. ha-1). Also, the activity of nitrate reductase enzyme with foliar spraying of nitrogen and Cadostim at the time of the second harvest was higher than other treatments.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Carotenoid
  • Chlorophyll
  • Grain Moisture
  • Protein Yield

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 37، شماره 3
مهر 1406
صفحه 41-56

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