تاثیر رژیم‌های آبیاری بر خصوصیات ریخت‌شناسی و زراعی گلرنگ تابستانه (Carthamus tinctorius L.) تحت کاربرد گوگرد بنتونیت‌دار و باکتری‌های اسیدی‌تیوباسیلوس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته ارشد اگروتکنولوژی- فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

2 استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج

3 استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

10.22034/saps.2025.63999.3297

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر هم‌افزایی گوگرد بنتونیت‌دار و باکتری‌های اسیدی‌تیوباسیلوس بر بهبود صفات ریخت‌شناسی، عملکرد دانه و روغن و کارایی مصرف آب زراعی گلرنگ تابستانه رقم فرامان تحت رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری انجام گرفت.
 
مواد و روشها: آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه یاسوج (منطقه دشتروم) در تابستان ۱۴۰۱ اجرا شد. عامل اصلی رژیم‌های آبیاری در سه سطح (آبیاری کامل، قطع آبیاری از مرحله شروع گلدهی (تنش شدید) و قطع آبیاری از مرحله شروع پرشدن دانه (تنش متوسط)) و عامل فرعی شامل گوگرد بنتونیت‌دار در سه سطح (صفر، ۱۵۰ و ۳۰۰ کیلوگرم در هکتار) و باکتری‌های اسیدی‌تیوباسیلوس در دو سطح (عدم کاربرد و کاربرد) بودند. صفات اندازه‌گیری‌شده شامل ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه جانبی، قطر ساقه اصلی، قطر طبق اصلی، شاخص سطح برگ، تعداد طبق در بوته، تعداد دانه در طبق، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، درصد روغن، عملکرد روغن، کارایی مصرف آب زراعی و کارایی مصرف گوگرد شدند.
 
یافته ها: تنش شدید (قطع آبیاری از مرحله گلدهی) موجب کاهش معنی‌دار ارتفاع بوته (۲۶/۰۵ درصد)، تعداد شاخه جانبی (۴۸/۵۹ درصد)، قطر ساقه اصلی (۱۰/۳۱ درصد)، قطر طبق اصلی (۱۱/۷۱ درصد)، عملکرد دانه (۶۱/۲۲ درصد) و عملکرد روغن (۹۵/۸۲ درصد) نسبت به آبیاری کامل شد. در سطح آبیاری کامل، بیشترین عملکرد دانه (۳۷۰۸ کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد روغن (۱۱۵۷/۸۷ کیلوگرم در هکتار) از تیمار کاربرد ۳۰۰ کیلوگرم گوگرد بنتونیت‌دار در هکتار به‌همراه باکتری به‌دست آمد. در شرایط تنش متوسط (قطع آبیاری از مرحله پرشدن دانه)، کاربرد ۳۰۰ کیلوگرم گوگرد بنتونیت‌دار به‌همراه باکتری موجب افزایش ۴۶/۵۴ درصدی عملکرد دانه و ۱/۰۳ برابری عملکرد روغن نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد. همچنین کاربرد باکتری در شرایط آبیاری کامل و تنش متوسط به‌ترتیب موجب افزایش ۱۸/۰۵ و ۱۵/۳۳ درصدی درصد روغن دانه و بهبود کارایی مصرف آب زراعی و کارایی مصرف گوگرد گردید. بیشترین کارایی مصرف گوگرد (۲۳/۳۲ کیلوگرم بر کیلوگرم) در سطح آبیاری کامل و کاربرد ۱۵۰ کیلوگرم گوگرد بنتونیت‌دار در هکتار حاصل شد.
 
نتیجه‌گیری: کاربرد تلفیقی ۳۰۰ کیلوگرم در هکتار گوگرد بنتونیت‌دار به‌همراه باکتری‌های اسیدی‌تیوباسیلوس، از طریق بهبود صفات ریخت‌شناسی، اجزای عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب و گوگرد، می‌تواند به‌عنوان راهبردی مؤثر برای افزایش تحمل عملکرد دانه و روغن گلرنگ تابستانه رقم فرامان به تنش قطع آبیاری از مرحله پرشدن دانه در منطقه دشتروم توصیه شود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Irrigation Regimes on Morphological Traits and Agronomic Characteristics of Summer Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Under the Application of Bentonite Sulfur and Acidithiobacillus spp. Bacteria

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Alahdadi 1
  • Alireza Yadavi 2
  • Mohsen Movahhedi Dehnavi 2
  • Hamidreza Balouchi 3
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
2 Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Yasouj, Iran.
3 Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Yasouj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: This study aims to investigate the synergistic effects of bentonite sulfur and Acidithiobacillus bacterial on improving morphological traits, grain and oil yield and water use efficiency under different irrigation regimes in safflower.
 
Materials and methods: A split-factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University (Dashtroom region), Iran, in summer 2022. Irrigation regimes at three levels (full irrigation, irrigation cut-off from the beginning of flowering stage (severe stress), and irrigation cut-off from the beginning of seed filling stage (moderate stress)) were assigned as the main factor, and bentonite sulfur (B-sulfur) at three levels (0, 150, and 300 kg ha⁻¹) and Acidithiobacillus spp. at two levels (application and no application) were considered as sub-factors. The measured traits included plant height, number of side branches, main stem diameter, main head diameter, leaf area index (LAI), number of heads per plant, number of seeds per head, 1000-seed weight, grain yield, oil percentage, oil yield, crop water use efficiency (WUE), and sulfur use efficiency (SUE).
 
Results: Severe drought stress (irrigation cut-off from flowering stage) caused significant reductions in plant height (26.05%), number of side branches (48.59%), main stem diameter (10.31%), main head diameter (11.71%), grain yield (61.22%), and oil yield (95.82%) compared to full irrigation. Under full irrigation, the highest grain yield (3708 kg ha⁻¹) and oil yield (1157.87 kg ha⁻¹) were obtained from the application of 300 kg ha⁻¹ bentonite sulfur + Acidithiobacillus. Under moderate stress (irrigation cut-off from seed filling stage), the application of 300 kg ha⁻¹ bentonite sulfur + Acidithiobacillus resulted in a 46.54% increase in grain yield and a 1.03-fold increase in oil yield compared to the control. Moreover, bacterial application under full irrigation and moderate stress increased oil percentage by 18.05% and 15.33%, respectively, and improved crop water use efficiency and sulfur use efficiency. The highest sulfur use efficiency (23.32 kg kg⁻¹) was achieved under full irrigation with 150 kg ha⁻¹ bentonite sulfur.
 
Conclusion: The integrated application of 300 kg ha⁻¹ bentonite sulfur combined with Acidithiobacillus bacteria, through improving morphological traits, yield components, and water and sulfur use efficiencies, can be recommended as an effective strategy to enhance grain and oil yield tolerance of summer safflower (cv. Faraman) to irrigation cut-off stress from the seed-filling stage in the Dashtroom region. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Grain Yield
  • Irrigation Cut Off
  • Oil Percent
  • Sulfur Use Efficiency
  • Water Use Efficiency
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