بررسی شاخص‌های تحمل به تنش خشکی در تعدادی از ژنوتیپ‌های پیشرفته سویا در دشت مغان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اردبیل (پارس آباد مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج

2 استاد مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

3 استادیار پژوهشی، مؤسسه اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

10.22034/saps.2025.64018.3295

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: سویا (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) ۵۷ درصد از کل تولید جهانی دانه‌های روغنی را به خود اختصاص می‌دهد. تنش خشکی یکی از مهمترین عواملی است که به‌طور قابل‌ توجهی مانع رشد و عملکرد سویا می‌شود. شناسایی ارقام متحمل به خشکی در سویا یکی از مهمترین راه­کارهای مقابله با تنش کم­آبی در شرایط تغییرات اقلیمی می­باشد.
 مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش به صورت کرت­های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان) در سال 1402 اجرا شد.  تیمار­ها شامل آبیاری کامل (100 درصد نیاز آبی) و تنش خشکی (50 درصد نیاز آبی) به عنوان عامل اصلی و 15 ژنوتیپ جدید سویا به عنوان عامل فرعی بود. ارزیابی ژنوتیپ­ها بر اساس عملکرد دانه در شرایط شاهد و تنش خشکی توسط شاخص­های حساسیت به تنش، تحمل، بهره­وری متوسط، پایداری عملکرد، تحمل تنش، میانگین هندسی بهره­وری، مقاومت به خشکی، میانگین عملکرد نسبی، درصد حساسیت به تنش و درصد کاهش عملکرد انجام شد.
 
یافته­ها: بر اساس میانگین رتبه­ها در شاخص­های مورد مطالعه ژنوتیپ‌های G3، G9،G11 وG13 به عنوان متحمل‌ترین ژنوتیپ­ها به تنش کم­آبی شناخته شدند. تجزیه کلاستر ژنوتیپ‌ها را در شش گروه مجزا تفکیک کرد. G5 و رقم کوثر در گروه اول وG3 ، G11،  G13وG9 در گروه ششم جای گرفتند. نماهای مختلف نمودار بای پلات G3، G9 و G13 را جزو پایدارترین ژنوتیپ­ها با متوسط عملکرد بالاتر از میانگین در هر دو محیط قرار دادند.
 نتیجه­گیری: با در نظر گرفتن میانگین عملکرد دانه در دو محیط آبیاری کامل و تنش خشکی، میانگین رتبه­ها در شاخص­های تحمل به تنش خشکی مورد مطالعه، نتایج حاصل از تجزیه کلاستر و نمودارهای بای­پلات، ژنوتیپ­های G3، G9، G11 و G13 به عنوان ژنوتیپ­های پایدار و متحمل به تنش کم­آبی شناسایی شدند ومی‌توانند به عنوان منابع ژنتیکی ارزشمند در برنامه‌های به‌نژادی قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of drought stress tolerance based on selection indices of advanced soybean genotypes in Moghan Plain

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nasrin Razmi 1
  • Jahanfar Daneshian 2
  • Bahram Masoudi 3
1 Assistant Prof., Field and Horticultural Crops Sciences Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Parsabad, Iran.
2 Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) contributes 57% of the total oilseed production worldwide. Drought stress is one of the most critical factors, significantly impeding the growth and yield of soybean. Identification of drought-tolerant genotypes is one of the most important solutions to deal with water deficit in the context of climate change.
 
Materials and Methods: This research was carried out in split plots using a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Ardabil province (Moghan) in summer of 2023. Irrigation treatments including full irrigation (100% water requirement) and  drought stress (50% water requirement) were considered as main factors and 15 new genotypes were secondary factors. Genotypes were evaluated based on grain yield under control and drought stress conditions using the indices of stress sensitivity, tolerance, average productivity, yield stability, stress tolerance, geometric mean productivity, drought resistance, average relative yield, percentage of stress sensitivity and percentage of yield reduction.
 
Results: According to average rankings in tolerance indices G3, G9, G11 and G13 were identified as the most tolerant genotypes to water deficit stress. Cluster analysis separated the genotypes into six distinct groups. The G5 and the Kosar were in the first group and G3, G11, G13 and G9 genotypes were in the sixth group. Different views of the biplot diagrams identified G3, G9 and G13 were the most stable and the highest grain yielding genotypes in both environments.
 
Conclusion: Based on the average grain yield under drought stress and full-irrigation conditions, average tolerance indices, results of cluster analysis and views of the bi-plot diagrams G3, G9, G13 and G11 genotypes were identified as stable and tolerant genotypes, and can serve as valuable genetic resources in breeding programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • GGE Biplot Model
  • Ranking Method
  • Sensitive Genotypes
  • Stability
  • Tolerant Genotypes

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 37، شماره 3
مهر 1406
صفحه 151-165

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