تأثیر نوع گیاه پوششی بر کنترل علف‌های هرز و عملکرد چغندر قند در الگوهای مختلف کاشت در منطقه کرج

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت و اصلاخ نباتات، واحد نراق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نراق، ایران

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاخ نباتات، واحد ساوه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ساوه، ایران.

3 عضو هیأت علمی مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور، کرج، ایران.

4 بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان. ایران.

10.22034/saps.2025.62603.3258

چکیده

 مقدمه و اهداف: علف‌های هرز از عوامل مهم کاهش عملکرد چغندرقند هستند و استفاده از گیاهان پوششی می‌تواند با افزایش رقابت با علف‌های هرز، رشد آنها را محدود کند. همچنین، الگوی کاشت و زمان حذف گیاه پوششی می‌توانند بر میزان کنترل علف‌های هرز و عملکرد چغندرقند تأثیرگذار باشند. بنابراین، این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر نوع گیاه پوششی، الگوی کاشت چغندرقند و زمان حذف گیاه پوششی بر جمعیت و رشد علف‌های هرز و عملکرد چغندرقند در شرایط آب‌وهوایی کرج انجام شد.
 
مواد و روش­ها: آزمایش در مزرعه پژوهشی مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، واقع در جاده مشکین‌دشت کرج به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده نواری با طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار  و در سال 1392 اجرا گردید. تیمار‌های آرایش کاشت (در دو سطح تک ردیفه و دو ردیفه) و نوع گیاه پوششی ((شامل جو (Hordeum vulgare L.)، تریتیکاله (X Triticosecale Wittmack)، شبدر‌ برسیم (Trifolium alexandrinum)، تربچه روغنی (Raphanus sativus L.)) عامل اصلی و زمان حذف گیاه پوششی (در دو زمان 4 و 8 برگی چغندرقند) عامل فرعی بود.
 
یافته­ها: نتایج نشان داد که آرایش کاشت دو ردیفه منجر به کاهش رشد علف­های هرز و افزایش 27/7 تن در هکتار عملکرد غده و 840 کیلوگرم در هکتار عملکرد قند در مقایسه با آرایش کاشت یک ردیفه گردید. در بین گونه‌های گیاه پوششی، جو دارای بیش‌ترین وزن خشک گیاه پوششی، کم‌ترین فراوانی و وزن خشک علف‌های هرز، بیشترین عملکرد غده (71/38 تن در هکتار) و عملکرد قند (90/6 تن در هکتار) بود. زمان حذف گیاه پوششی در مرحله هشت برگی چغندرقند دارای درصد پوشش و وزن خشک گیاه پوششی بیشتر،  فراوانی و وزن خشک علف‌های هرز کمتر و بالاترین عملکرد غده (45/37 تن در هکتار) و عملکرد قند (77/6 تن در هکتار) بود.
 
نتیجه گیری:  به طور کلی، آرایش کاشت دو ردیفه و استفاده از جو به‌عنوان گیاه پوششی، با کاهش رشد علف‌های هرز و افزایش عملکرد غده و قند چغندرقند همراه بود. همچنین، حذف گیاه پوششی در مرحله هشت‌برگی، کنترل علف‌های هرز و عملکرد چغندرقند را بهبود بخشید. بنابراین، استفاده از جو در آرایش کاشت دو ردیفه و حذف آن در مرحله هشت‌برگی چغندرقند، می‌تواند راهکاری مؤثر برای مدیریت علف‌های هرز و افزایش عملکرد چغندرقند در منطقه کرج باشد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of Cover Crop Type on Weed Control and sugar beet Yield in Different Planting Patterns in Karaj Region

نویسندگان [English]

  • Pouria Parvizi 1
  • Mojtaba Jafarzadeh 2
  • Hosein Najafi 3
  • Hamid Dehghanzadeh 4
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Naragh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Naragh, Iran
2 2. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran
3 Faculty member, Iran Research Institute of Plant Protection, Karaj, Iran
4 Research Division of Natural Resources, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Weeds are among the major factors limiting sugar beet yield, and the use of cover crops can restrict weed growth by increasing competition with weeds. In addition, planting pattern and the timing of cover crop removal may affect weed control and sugar beet yield. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of cover crop type, sugar beet planting pattern, and cover crop removal time on weed population and growth, as well as sugar beet yield, under the climatic conditions of Karaj.
 
Materials and Methods: This study was carried out as a strip split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of the Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protectio, located on Meshkindasht Road, Karaj in 2013. Planting patterns (in two levels including single-row and double-row planting sugar beet) and type of cover crops (including barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack), clover (Trifolium alexandrinum), oil radish (Raphanus sativus L.)), as the main plot and the time of removal of the cover crops (at two times of 4 and 8 leaves of sugar beet) as the sub plot.
 
Results: The results showed that the two-row planting pattern led to a decrease in weed growth and an increase of 7.27 tons. ha-1 in tuber yield and 840 kg. hectare-1 in sugar yield compared to the one-row planting pattern. Among the cover crops species, barley had the highest dry weight of the cover crop, the lowest frequency and dry weight of weeds, the highest tuber yield (38.71 tons. ha-1) and sugar yield (6.90 tons. ha-1). The removal time at the eight-leaf stage of sugar beet had the highest percentage of coverage and dry weight of the cover crop, the lowest frequency and dry weight of weeds, and the highest tuber yield (37.45 tons. ha-1) and sugar yield (6.77 tons. ha-1).
 
Conclusion:  Overall, double-row planting and the use of barley as a cover crop were associated with reduced weed growth and increased sugar beet root and sugar yields. In addition, removing the cover crop at the eight-leaf stage improved weed control and sugar beet yield. Therefore, the use of barley under a double-row planting pattern, followed by its removal at the eight-leaf stage of sugar beet, can be an effective approach for weed management and improving sugar beet yield under the conditions of Karaj.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Barley
  • Berseem Clover
  • Green Mulch
  • Sugar Yield
  • Oil Radish
  • Triticale

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 37، شماره 3
مهر 1406
صفحه 201-214

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