عملکرد و اجزائ عملکرد دانه و محتوای نسبی آب در ذرت (Zea mays L.) تحت تنش کمبود آب و دو گونه قارچ میکوریز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 1- گروه علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران

2 2- باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تبریز

چکیده

اثرات دو گونه قارچ میکوریز بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد دانه، ارتفاع بوته، محتوای نسبی آب (RWC) و کلروفیل در ذرت سینگل کراس 704  تحت تنش کم­آبی، تحت آزمایشی به­صورت کرت­های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در سال زراعی 1395 در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی مغان بررسی شد. تنش کمبود آب در دو سطح آبیاری عادی و قطع آبیاری قبل گلدهی به­عنوان عامل اصلی و سه سطح قارچ میکوریز، شاهد یا بدون تلقیح، Glomus mosseae و Glomus etunicatum به­عنوان عامل فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد تنش کمبود آب باعث کاهش معنی­دار صفات عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه، ارتفاع بوته، RWC و محتوای کلروفیل گردید. میزان کاهش عملکرد دانـه، اجزای عملکرد دانه، RWC و شاخص کلروفیل در شرایط کمبود آب نسبت به شرایط آبیاری عادی به­ترتیب حدود 14، 13، 20 و 13 درصد بود. قارچ میکوریز به­طور معنی­دار باعث تقویت صفات ارتفاع بوته، RWC و شاخص کلروفیل نسبت به تیمار شاهد گردید. اثر متقابل تنش کم­آبی × قارچ میکوریز نیز فقط برای صفات عملکرد دانه و وزن صد دانه معنی­دار بود. طوریکه بیشترین عملکرد دانه در واحد بوته (8/193 گرم) و وزن صد دانه در بوته (2/36 گرم) مربوط به گونه  G. mosseae در شرایط آبیاری عادی بود. گونه­های قارچ­ میکوریز باعث تقویت عملکرد دانه، ارتفاع بوته، RWC و شاخص کلروفیل گیاه ذرت شدند. براساس نتایج این تحقیق استفاده از گونه G. mosseaeبرای تقویت علمکرد دانه و افزایش فتوسنتز تحت شرایط تنش کم­آبی در ذرت مناسب به­ نظر می­رسد.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Grain Yield, Yield Components and Relative Water Content in Maize (Zea mays L.) under Water Deficit Stress and two Mycorrhizal Fungi

نویسندگان [English]

  • v Nasrollahzade 1
  • m Yusefi 1
  • a Ghosemi 2
  • a Bandehhagh 1
چکیده [English]

The effects of two mycorrhizal fungi species on grain yield, yield components, relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll content in maize (SC704) under water deficit stress, under field experiment was assessed out as a split plot design with four replications in 2016 at Moghan Research Station. Water stress treatments included commonly available irrigation water referred to as control and the interrupted irrigation before flowering as the main plot, and two different mycorrhiza species, including Glomus mosseae and Glomus etunicatum and also a control (without any inoculation) as sub plots. Results showed that water stress significantly decreased grain yield, yield components, relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll content. The applied water deficit stress reduced grain yield, yield components, RWC and chlorophyll content about 14, 13, 20 and 13 percent, respectively. Mycorrhizal fungi increased plant height, RWC and chlorophyll content in maize. Interaction between water stress and strains of mycorrhiza had only an impact on grain yield and 100-seed weight. The maximum grain yield and 100-seed weight were recorded in plots irrigated in normal condition and inoculated with G. mosseae species on control irrigation. Based on the results of this study, for enhancing grain yield and chlorophyll content using mycorrhizal fungi especially, G. mosseae species was recommended.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chlorophyll Content
  • Maize
  • Mycorrhiza
  • Yield
  • Water deficit stress
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