ارزیابی عملکرد و کیفیت علوفه در کشت مخلوط ارزن ).Panicum miliaceum L) با لوبیا ).Phaseolus vulgaris L) و ماشک گل خوشه ای ).Vicia villosa L) تحت کاربرد آب مغناطیسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت علمی گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

2 گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز.

3 استاد گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

مقدمه و اهداف: یکی از راه‌های افزایش پایدار تولید علوفه، استفاده از الگوهای کشت مخلوط گیاهان زراعی علوفه ای است که می‌تواند به حفظ تنوع زیستی و کارایی منابع کمک کند. کیفیت علوفه نیز بیانگر ارزش غذایی و مقدار انرژی است که در دسترس دام قرار می­گیرد به عبارت بهتر، نشانگر مقدار مواد مغذی است که حیوان در کوتاه‌ترین مدت ممکن از علوفه به دست می­آورد. در این راستا تحقیق حاضر به منظور ارزیابی عملکرد و کیفیت علوفه ارزن، لوبیا و ماشک گل خوشه‌ای در کشت مخلوط و خالص سه گونه زراعی و کاربرد آب مغناطیسی اجرا شد.
 
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال‌های زراعی 1398 و 1399 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز اجرا شد. دو نوع آبیاری (معمولی و مغناطیسی با شدت 430 میلی‌تسلا) و هفت سیستم کشت شامل کشت‌های خالص ارزن، خالص لوبیا، خالص ماشک گل خوشه‌ای و چهار سطح کشت مخلوط )مخلوط ارزن و لوبیا با نسبت 2:1 (دو ردیف ارزن و یک ردیف لوبیا) مخلوط ارزن و لوبیا با نسبت 4:1 (چهار ردیف ارزن و یک ردیف لوبیا) مخلوط ارزن و ماشک گل خوشه‌ای با نسبت 2:1 (دو ردیف ارزن و یک ردیف ماشک گل خوشه‌ای) و مخلوط ارزن و ماشک گل خوشه ای با نسبت 4:1 (چهار ردیف ارزن و یک ردیف ماشک گل خوشه‌ای) به عنوان تیمارهای آزمایش بود. صفات مورد بررسی شامل میزان خاکستر، پروتئین خام، NDF، عملکرد علوفه خشک بود و شاخص LER برای ارزیابی کشت مخلوط محاسبه شد.
 
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد بیشترین میزان NDF (47%) در کشت خالص ارزن و بالاترین مقادیر خاکستر (2/5%) و پروتئین خام (8/15%) در کشت مخلوط ارزن-لوبیا (نسبت 4:1) و ارزن-ماشک گل خوشه‌ای (نسبت 4:1) با کاربرد آب مغناطیسی حاصل شد. کاربرد آب مغناطیسی به‌طور متوسط باعث افزایش 22 درصدی پروتئین خام و 18 درصدی کیفیت علوفه در مقایسه با آبیاری معمولی شد. آبیاری مغناطیسی و نوع کشت اثرات معنی‌داری بر ویژگی‌ها داشتند (01/0 > p). کشت مخلوط ارزن-لوبیا (نسبت 2:1) و ارزن-ماشک گل خوشه‌ای (نسبت 4:1) نسبت به کشت خالص، به‌ترتیب 25% و30% افزایش در میزان پروتئین و عملکرد علوفه را نشان دادند.
 
نتیجه‌گیری: کاربرد آب مغناطیسی باعث بهبود کیفیت و افزایش پروتئین علوفه شد. تمامی کشت‌های مخلوط نسبت به کشت‌های خالص بر اساس شاخص LER از مزیت زراعی و عملکردی برخوردار بودند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Yield and Forage Quality in Intercropping of Millet (Panicum miliaceum L) with Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) and Vetch (Vicia villosa L) under Application of Magnetic Water

نویسندگان [English]

  • Behnam Omrani 1
  • Adel Dabbagh Mohammadi nassab 2
  • MohammadReza Shakiba 2
  • Rouhollah Amini 3
1 Member of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Payame noor, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Eco-physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.
3 Professor/Department of Plant Ecophysiology/Faculty of Agriculture/ University of Tabriz
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: One way to sustainably increase forage production is to use intercropping patterns of forage crops, which can help maintain biodiversity and resource efficiency. Forage quality also indicates the nutritional value and amount of energy available to livestock, or rather, it indicates the amount of nutrients that the animal obtains from the forage in the shortest possible time.The present research was carried out in order to evaluate the forage yield and quality of millet, bean and vetch in intercropping and application of magnetic water.
 
Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted in the years of 2019 and 2020 in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz. Experimental design was factorial based on randomized complete blocks with three replications. The first factor included two types of irrigation (normal water and magnetic water with an intensity of 430 mtesla) and the sub-factor included seven cropping systems (intercropping of millet and beans with a ratio of 2:1 (two rows of millet and one row of beans), and 4:1 (four rows of millet and one row of beans), intercropping of millet and vetch with a ratio of 2:1 (two rows of millet and one row of vetch) and intercropping 4:1 (four rows of millet and one row of vetch)). The traits studied included ash content, crude protein, NDF, forage yield, and the LER index was calculated to evaluate intercropping advantage.
 
Results: The results showed that the highest NDF (47%) was obtained in pure millet cultivation and the highest ash (5.2%) and crude protein (15.8%) were obtained in the intercropping of millet-bean (ratio 4:1) and millet-vetch (ratio 4:1) using magnetized water. The application of magnetized water increased the crude protein by 22% and the forage quality by 18% on average compared to conventional irrigation. Magnetic irrigation and cropping system had significant effects on the characteristics (p < 0.01). The intercropping of millet-bean (ratio 2:1) and millet- vetch (ratio 4:1) showed a 25% and 30% increase in protein and yield, respectively, compared to the mono cropping.
 
Conclusion: The application of magnetized water improved the forage quality and increased the protein content. All intercropping systems showed advantage compare to mono cropping on LER.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ash
  • Beans
  • Protein
  • Fodder Vetch
  • Intercropping
  • Mono Cropping
  • Magnetic Water
  • Millet

مراجع

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دانش کشاورزی وتولید پایدار
دوره 35، شماره 2
تیر 1404
صفحه 295-316

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